Monday, December 30, 2019

Change Management Project Management Is The Application Of...

Change Management Project Management Definition: Change management is the application of processes and tools to manage the people side of change from a current state to a new future state such that the desired results of the change (and expected return on investment) are achieved. * From Prosci ® Definition: Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. * From PMBOK ® Guide Intent: To ensure that the solution is embraced, adopted and used by employees impacted by the change Intent: To ensure that the solution is designed, developed and delivered effectively Focus: Employees impacted by a project or initiative (those who must adopt and use the change)†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Project managers: manage the tasks, activities and resources to execute the technical side of the effort †¢ Project team: comprised of subject matter experts and representatives from the organization Table 1 The organization indicated that their ultimate goal of change management effort was to ensure achievement of business goals by improving individual and organizational performance. According to P. Steyn and E. Schmikl (2016) one of the attributes common to successful organizations is to promote learning and growth. This is applied to individual growth that has a direct impact on organizational performance. P10 Transformational leadership emphasises symbolic leader behaviour that transforms team members to pursue organizational goals overShow MoreRelatedThe Orion Shield Case Analysis Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe Orion Shield Project Case Study Executive Summary Project management is the science of planning, organizing, executing, and managing the resources needed to achieve a specific goal. Effective project managers (PM) strategically facilitate the entire project management process to ensure the project’s success. To do this the PM must adequately meet the specific requirements (i.e., time, scope, quality, and cost) set forth by the project and its stakeholders. It is theorized that PM must possessRead MoreThe Role of System Analyst1542 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Rapid and revolutionary changes in technology have created an increasingly information-centric global economy and has impacted the nature of system development and the environment in which the system must function. â€Å"The last decade has seen technologies and tools like the World Wide Web and object oriented analysis rapidly change the very nature of system development â€Å" 1. Developments in Information Technologies (IT) have been one of the major underlying forces that have contributedRead MoreName: Vishnu Sukumaran. Clientrfs #Ops Security Clearance.Government807 Words   |  4 Pages1 249 Mandatory Skills Cross Reference to Resume Analytical and Problem Solving Skills Experience evaluating and assessing client s information and system needs and defining IT and business requirements Role/Title and Company Name Business System Analyst – GAORFID Inc – 3 months Systems Analyst – Tata Consultancy Services Ltd – 2 years Project Coordinator (Intern) – Ekana Security Inc. – 3 months Provide a specific example of how you used the must have skill: Business AnalysisRead More Use of Project Management Software in Business Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Project Management Software in Business Project Management is using the concepts of information technology in businesses to meet the requirements of a particular project. It depends on the process it needs to take to implement a project. The application of knowledge, skills, and tools and techniques is needed (http://www.asp.org/infoglossary/p). There are 3 main phases of project management, they are planning, scheduling and controlling. How the process is implemented is through differentRead MoreSystem Development Program Summary1030 Words   |  5 Pagesyears of IT/ Application Support experience; At Hydro One in Application Migration Project aimed at migrating 2000 different applications from Windows 7 to Windows 10, at Scotiabank in ATR-Automatic Trade Reporting project (Wealth Management-Capital Market) provided IT support ; at DR Reddy’s Laboratories in Process Improvement projects; prepared Business and technical documents, provide support for Systems and Applications, mapped business processes and supp orted project management functions. 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The issues that affect project risk also needRead MoreProject Manager Of United Telecom Limited1356 Words   |  6 PagesAnish Mishra is an IT Project Manager of United Telecom Limited I have conducted interview with him which I have presented here a †¢ Project management work from the star to the ending of the project work †¢ Successfully initiate, plan, design, execute, control, monitor the project and act as leading agent in completing the project †¢ To find the risk that affects the completion of project and making decision for minimizing it. †¢ Set the expectation of cash flow and cost of the project. b †¢ Evaluate andRead MoreImplementation Of Project Management Methodology981 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Project management methodology is a combination of sensibly related practices, systems and procedures that decide how best to arrange, create, control and convey a task all through the continuous execution process until effective completion and termination. It is a logically demonstrated, precise and trained way to deal with project design, execution and completion. The purpose of project methodology is to take into consideration controlling the whole management process through powerfulRead MoreUnit 1 : Project Management Concepts904 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 1: Project Management Concepts 1.) Compare and contrast the three components of the triple constraint. Evaluate the consequences of changes occurring in each component. There are three components, Scope, Time, and Cost. Scope focuses on the work that has to be done. Making changes to the scope increases the costs of the project and also affects the time required to complete the project. Time focuses on the amount of time it will take to complete the project. Again making any changes to the timelineRead MoreAnalysis Of Wembley Stadium Project Management1454 Words   |  6 PagesA project is a temporary endeavour that creates a unique result. Time, budget, resources, and performance specifications, to meet requirements made by stakeholders, limit a project (Project Management Institute, 2013, pg.3). Project management is the application of tools, techniques, and knowledge to help achieve the three main constraints of scope, cost and time (Project Management Institute, 2013, pg.5). This applies managerial process and gives project managers the opportunity to make a project

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Introduction . The Term Communication Came From Latin Word

INTRODUCTION The term communication came from Latin word Communis which means common . It also means â€Å"to make known. Iceland Foods is a special British food retailer. It has over 880 stores throughout the UK and also some in Europe. Malcolm Walker and another bored, young retailer took a decision to open a shop in 1970. In November 1970 they raised capital of 60$ to pay the rent of the shop in Oswestry, Shropshire and named it Iceland. There were 15 stores by 1975. The company introduced a brand new cold store and head office at Deesidein 1979. By 1995, Iceland had an impressive 25 years of consistent profit growth. By the time of 2001 they expanded their product range and opened 800 stores all over the UK. How Iceland does its†¦show more content†¦They are used for specific purposes. Like ïÆ'Ëœ Mail- E-mail is primarily utilised by the employees to communicate among them. It is also the fastest written communication system. Sometimes orders also come by this. Iceland is also an online based company. People can order through the internet, and this process requires mail address. To maintain communication among stores, they use mails. It also helps them to provide fast service. ïÆ'Ëœ Letter- It is the most official way to communicate. All the official proposals are written in letters. The new contracts are also done in letters. Letters are very important documents of a company. They might have confidential information too. It is the most basic way of written communication among the higher level to lower level managers. ïÆ'Ëœ Documents- A Company has to make a lot of documents. Such as: Balance sheet, income statement, cost management, shares, names of employees etc. These documents are communication between company and employees or the owners. The strategies for good communication Good communication is one of the most common way to improve an organization. Without this a company cannot go much far. It will suffer in the longrun. Some common strategies for good communications are Figure: Good Communication Process Source: †¢ Clarity of expression: It is the most important thing for every kind of communication. It may become very hard to do work if the expressions are notShow MoreRelatedThe Human Communication System Is Important1435 Words   |  6 PagesLinguistics is a key factor of communication that is used every day, by essentially every human being. The human communication system is complex and not always easy to learn. There are multiple components, including phonetics, morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Knowledge of all of these components is what helps for humans to produce language. Linguistic competence is defined by The Free Dictionary (2008) as a speaker’s implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of theirRead MoreForeign Influences on Old English1686 Words   |  7 Pagestextbook titled Foreign Influences on Old English,† the followings are the terms that came across as interesting and necessary for the understanding of the extent of foreign influence on the old English language: †¢ Continental borrowing: This is the first period of Latin borrowing that happened through the Germanic contact with the Romans before their invasion and settlement in Britain. It is also described as the Latin influence of the Zero period (Baugh Cable, 2001). †¢ Palatal Diphthongization:Read MoreThe Origins Of The English Language1318 Words   |  6 Pagesorigins of the English language. A. The English Language begins as Old English, which was spoken from the fifth century A.D. until the eleventh century. 1. Old English is also known as Anglo- Saxon. It is named after the Germanic tribes that migrated to the British Isles during the fifth and sixth centuries. a. These Germanic tribes were known as the Angles, Saxons and Jutes who originated from parts of present-day Denmark and Germany. b. According to oxforddictionaries.com, Old English isRead MoreThe Origans of Medical Terminology Essay3156 Words   |  13 Pageshistory that evolved in great measure from the Latin and Greek languages. â€Å"It is estimated that about three-fourths of our medical terminology is of Greek origin.†(Banay) â€Å"Latin accounts for the majority of root words in the English language.† (Fallon). We find that the â€Å"oldest written sources of western medicine are The Hippocratic writings from the 5th and 4th centuries BC; which covers all aspects of medicine at that time and contain numerous medical terms.†(Wulff) This was the beginning of theRead MoreMedical Terminology Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn my paper I will be discussing what medical terminology is, where it came from, and how it is applied to medical assistant careers as well as how it is applied to medical administration careers. I will give examples of the importance of medical terminology and specific examples of where medical careers use medical terminology on a day to day basis. I will also give a brief summary and definition of what medical terminology stands for. After reading my paper you should have a good concept of medicalRead MoreEssay Literary Luminaries and English Vocabulary1905 Words   |  8 Pagesassimilated words and phraseology from Greek, Latin, French, Scandinavian, Hindi, Urdu and American dialects. It did not only assimilate but made everything of its own. Time to time essayists, poets, novelists, philosophers, scientists and thinkers added its treasure with words and phrases. It has discarded, replaced, and modified a large number of words. It is remarkable to note how a dialect became an international language. It has become the language of international communication and businessRead MoreIt s It Of The Problem Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pagespaper is of current importance, because it deals with the following interesting notions: why there is a language, why people speak in different languages, though the speaker can meet various words from any language in his speech. These words are called borrowings, and the present work will observe how they came into our language. When speakers of different languages interact closely, it is typical for their languages to influence each other. Languages normally develop by gradually accumulating internalRead MoreA nglo Saxon England - Scandinavian Influence3211 Words   |  13 Pages 4. Vikings in Anglo-Saxon England – Scandinavian influence The process of Christianization and Latin influx was interrupted at the end of the eight century (787) when the Vikings (Norwegian and Dane tribes) began their ravages over Anglo-Saxon England, sacking monasteries like Lindisfarne and Jarrow (793-794). By the ninth century, churches and monasteries in Northumbria and Mercia lay in ruins while settlements in all parts of the country had been plundered and northern towns, such as York inRead MoreThe Effect of Language on International Marketing3141 Words   |  13 PagesIndex * Introduction * Definition of Culture * Significance of Language * The Impact of Language on Communication Decisions * The Impact of Language on Product, Distribution and Pricing Decisions * Examples of Language Blunders Made by International Marketers * Conclusion * Recommendations * References Introduction Marketing in the simplest description attempts to understand customers in terms of what they buy, when they buy, why they buy, how much they buy, where they buy it, and withRead MoreThe Following Three Concepts Describe How the World Has Been Divided According to the Levels of Development. Discuss the Origins and Validity of These Concepts: Third World/South, North (West/First World), Development1524 Words   |  7 Pages2013 Title: the following three concepts describe how the world has been divided according to the levels of development. Discuss the origins and validity of these concepts. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Third world/south and North(West/first world) 3. Development 4. Referencing Introduction In this assignment the three concepts will be discussed, defined according to the levels of the development. Third world will be defined and discussed together with the first world and development

Friday, December 13, 2019

Behavioral Influences on Health Free Essays

It can be argued that various behavioral, psychological, sociocultural and lifestyle factors are related to the various causes of human mortality. Rationally, the root causes of various diseases that cause human death are associated with these factors. Therefore, we can argue on the point of view on how these factors are related to human health and the spread of various diseases that ultimately causes mortality. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Influences on Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now At one level, behavioral human factors can be argued as the characteristic phenomena of behavioral conceptions that may lead to contracting diseases. In this respect, human behavior could be argued in terms the relationship with the peer groups, morality, sexual behavior, attitudes towards oneself, virtues and moral obligations. Various ill-behavioral conceptions and tendencies have been known to act as the root cause of various diseases. For example, peer pressure may result to deviance, alcoholism, smoking and other conceptions (Joseph, 2005) From the implications of these behaviors therefore, various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and other internal disorders and ailments that are strong causatives of human mortality tend to occur. The strength and the models of a personal behavior can therefore determine the propensity with which he/she can contract certain killer diseases and ailments at the expense of other behavioral patterns. The levels of morality which is shaped by the behavioral models can be a factor towards which killer diseases like HIV-AIDs and other sexually transmitted diseases and ailments that are vulnerable in causing mortality can be transmitted. Psychological factors are the human related factors that shape and determine the standards of ones health. Various studies in health psychology have depicted a close relationship between the cognition, personality, perception, interpersonal relationships and personal emotions towards human health related issues. Various psychological disorders that arise as a result of disruption in the psychological context of a person have been known to cause mortality. The principal researches done on both clinical and health psychology has revealed various diseases that are psychologically related and which are of great impact to human health. The human psychological development is a complex autonomy that is attributed to both the mental and the cognitive personality. Various attributes are of great impact to the psychological provisions of a person that causes disability in the functional layout of ones psychological dispensation. Research studies have shown that the rate of mortality as a result of psychological disorders is increasingly becoming more (Benjamin, 2003) Sociocultural factors refer to the structural factors within the family footage or the society which shapes and determines the contexts of a person’s health. These structural settings dictate the functionality, response and behavior of a person within such a social context. Within the family setting, various health related factors may arise such as level of dietary, physical health, family pressure, and various influences such as the level of education, income, and living standards. Either, various cultural parameters may shape the nature of human health. These include cultural integration, family relations, cultural stereotypes and other factors. The nature of the sociocultural attributes has been of great influence in shaping the contexts of human health and possibilities of contracting diseases that cause death (Ann, 1998) Lifestyles refer to the modalities of person’s way of life. It is determined by various factors such as level of education, family backgrounds, level of income, cultural factors and other. Generally, the nature of a person’s or families’ lifestyles may be attributes towards contracting diseases, the ability of seeking medical attention and the vulnerability of achieving control and preventive measures. Consequently, a person’s health is determined preferential by the standards and levels of his/her lifestyles. (James, Simon, 2006) How to cite Behavioral Influences on Health, Papers Behavioral Influences on Health Free Essays It can be argued that various behavioral, psychological, sociocultural and lifestyle factors are related to the various causes of human mortality. Rationally, the root causes of various diseases that cause human death are associated with these factors. Therefore, we can argue on the point of view on how these factors are related to human health and the spread of various diseases that ultimately causes mortality. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Influences on Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now At one level, behavioral human factors can be argued as the characteristic phenomena of behavioral conceptions that may lead to contracting diseases. In this respect, human behavior could be argued in terms the relationship with the peer groups, morality, sexual behavior, attitudes towards oneself, virtues and moral obligations. Various ill-behavioral conceptions and tendencies have been known to act as the root cause of various diseases. For example, peer pressure may result to deviance, alcoholism, smoking and other conceptions (Joseph, 2005) From the implications of these behaviors therefore, various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and other internal disorders and ailments that are strong causatives of human mortality tend to occur. The strength and the models of a personal behavior can therefore determine the propensity with which he/she can contract certain killer diseases and ailments at the expense of other behavioral patterns. The levels of morality which is shaped by the behavioral models can be a factor towards which killer diseases like HIV-AIDs and other sexually transmitted diseases and ailments that are vulnerable in causing mortality can be transmitted. Psychological factors are the human related factors that shape and determine the standards of ones health. Various studies in health psychology have depicted a close relationship between the cognition, personality, perception, interpersonal relationships and personal emotions towards human health related issues. Various psychological disorders that arise as a result of disruption in the psychological context of a person have been known to cause mortality. The principal researches done on both clinical and health psychology has revealed various diseases that are psychologically related and which are of great impact to human health. The human psychological development is a complex autonomy that is attributed to both the mental and the cognitive personality. Various attributes are of great impact to the psychological provisions of a person that causes disability in the functional layout of ones psychological dispensation. Research studies have shown that the rate of mortality as a result of psychological disorders is increasingly becoming more (Benjamin, 2003) Sociocultural factors refer to the structural factors within the family footage or the society which shapes and determines the contexts of a person’s health. These structural settings dictate the functionality, response and behavior of a person within such a social context. Within the family setting, various health related factors may arise such as level of dietary, physical health, family pressure, and various influences such as the level of education, income, and living standards. Either, various cultural parameters may shape the nature of human health. These include cultural integration, family relations, cultural stereotypes and other factors. The nature of the sociocultural attributes has been of great influence in shaping the contexts of human health and possibilities of contracting diseases that cause death (Ann, 1998) Lifestyles refer to the modalities of person’s way of life. It is determined by various factors such as level of education, family backgrounds, level of income, cultural factors and other. Generally, the nature of a person’s or families’ lifestyles may be attributes towards contracting diseases, the ability of seeking medical attention and the vulnerability of achieving control and preventive measures. Consequently, a person’s health is determined preferential by the standards and levels of his/her lifestyles. (James, Simon, 2006) Reference Ann, F. (1998). Human Health and Diseases. New York, Heinemann Benjamin. G. C. (2003) Reducing unhealthy Behaviors: Where do we start? American journal f public health, Vol. 93 James, R Simon, G (2006) What is Human Health. London, Routledge Joseph, k (2005) Social Inequalities towards Human Health, Journal of Pediatrics, How to cite Behavioral Influences on Health, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Compensation Practices and Employee Attributions †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Compensation Practices and Employee Attributions. Answer: Introduction: Telus is a telecommunication company which offers telecom products and services. The company is one of the largest telecommunication companies in Canada with its head office located in Alberta. It has five branches spread across the provinces. In 2001, the company was incorporated and registered as a trademark and its main focus was to pursue opportunities in the operating systems in the telecommunication but in recent years it expanded its line to producing mobile phones. There is high competition among the various brands that produce and sell software and phones. However, Telus has invested in offering high quality products; develop greater human asset and having a customer intimacy model in place which has allowed the company maintains its competitive edge. Dominance in the market has seen the company scale into greater heights regarding financial performance. The market for telecom products is very huge because there is an unstoppable growth of the industry. The operating system technology targets two segments, tier 2 and tier 3 telecom operators. The market for phones is estimated to grow by 70% in the next two years. The number of employees has been increasing since the incorporation of the company in 2001, the majority being male though there has been a need for hiring more women in recent years. The workforce is of different age groups, but the majority are millennials who have the skills and who the company believes are very innovative. These employees have demand for a good compensation package that will motivate them to be productive. The company uses some resources to create output which contribute to its success. They include; People and skills. The software experts are trained on a regular basis for them to be competent in their research and managing the information system. Storage whereby the information system provides a wide storage of data compared to those offered by competitors. Minimal costs are incurred in preparing ,sharing data and injecting secondary data making it easily accessible to users. The information system is supported by over 80% networks across the globe. This has made it to be preffered by users boosting sales. Change Factors As business keeps on changing, the approach to compensation should change as well. There is no flexibility in compensating employees based on position. Establishment of a total reward package that focuses on rewarding skills and performance has been at the top of the human resource department agendas which has to be attained. This will promote employee ownership. In coming up with this package, there are some factors that determine the policy choices in compensation. These factors include; Employees wanting to belong to a particular labor union will affect compensation because the union dictates the minimum compensation package for its employees. They will be forced to give in to the pressure of labor representatives in determining and changing the pay scales. Labor groups lobby together their grievances and concern to address the government to make the government respond quickly to their burning issues. Changes in the economic conditions also affect the reward package of employees. Salaries are different in an economy under depression and when it is booming. In case of a depressed economy supply of labor may increase resulting in low rates. Depression in the economy expose the company to risk of lowering profits, and this is a major concern to the management which requires prompt action. The demand and supply for human resource affect the fixation of compensation packages for employees. When the supply exceeds the demand, a low wage may be fixed, and the vice versa is true. The productivity of labor has risen due to improved technology making it possible for employees to be rewarded through piece rates (Gatewood Barrick, 2015). The proper understanding of the labor market by the company helps in strategy designing when it comes to exploiting new opportunities in the market. The recruitment of the right personnel acts as a boost for the company, and this greatly helps in offering the right product and first class customer care services by the company. Employee turnover rate High employee turnover hurts the company as it will have to incur more costs in finding replacements. In order to reduce the turnover, the company will be forced to set compensation package and benefits which will motivate the employees to continue working towards the success of the company. (Alam Rubel, 2014). High employee turnover means that the company is on the verge of failure in its endeavor to exploit and meet market opportunities in the right manner. This is a factor that may cause changes in the reward system of the company since the company will also want to offer competitive compensation packages in order to maintain its dominance in the market (Asibanjo Heirsmac, 2014). If competitors offer high salaries to its employees, the company has to offer best commissions, benefits, and bonuses to retain the workforce. This factor, however, is not likely to affect the company because the reward package offers employees a benefit and bonuses. Stiff competition from competing firms that offer bumper salaries to their personnel forces the company to remunerate their staff well so as to encourage talent and skills retention. Based on the variables mentioned above, Telus Company adopted compensation strategy based on performance pay for great performance rewards the best performance and not mediocre work. Hence performance is to be evaluated and measured on a regular basis, and a clear appraisal method has been developed for employees to understand the criteria clearly (Lu et al., 2014). Individuals are offered bonuses based on attainment of their goals. In addition, reward is also tied to companys profits where 20% is shared among the workforce. The company offers stock options to employees where they are allowed to purchase company shares for a specific price during a specified duration. This compensation strategy has seen the company maintain its competitive advantage leading in the telecommunications sector. This is because employees get to control their performance and a slight difference in performance is easily identifiable. Compensation analysis: Gupta Shaw (2014) opined that the overarching term compensation is the kind of strategy formed by business experts in order to motivate the employees for getting good performances. Employees while providing services have to face immense challenges in satisfying the needs and demands of the customers. Compensation and benefit is the systematic strategy for motivating employees towards services. Controlling the performance level of employees has major significance. Telus being one of the most recognizable telecommunication brands of Canada has implemented several compensation strategy and policy based on which employees tend to show their best services. Telus in order to run the business effectively has implement performance pay, quality bonus, rewards and recognition and so on. With the rapid progress of globalization the rage of target customers are increasing day by day. As opined by Anitha (2014), employees have to provide services beyond going the shift hour. Therefore, Telus bus iness experts in order to give an effective compensation to the employees have decided to provide performance pay. The performance pay structure implies that after meeting the allocated target employees would get a certain amount of money. As a result, employees by anyhow intends to fulfill the allocated target so that they can achieve performance pay. Moreover, after crossing estimated target the people are able to get additional incentives. In quest of delivering good production employees sometimes forget to maintain quality of services. In order to overcome this kind of issues Telus business experts have decided to implement quality bonus. Based on the quality of productivity the employees are able to achieve quality bonus. Pan (2015) opined that the concept of performance pay, quality bonus is not effective in maintaining work life balance of the employees. As a result, large number of employees has to face immense health issues. In case of avoiding health issues organization like Telus has decided to follow health and safety act at the workplace. By implementing this very specific act, business experts tend to take the responsibility of employees who face any kind of health issue at the workplace. These kinds of compensation facilities enable the employees in availing overtimes and maintaining flexible work hour. Samnani and S ingh (2014) stated that structural behavior is the concept with the help of which employees have to maintain specific organizational structure while being associated with an organization. Structural behavior is constituted with several components including organizational behavior, organizational culture and organizational ethics. Long and Perumal (2014) stated that every business organization is constituted with specific structure. Employees being a part of this organization have to follow this structure in order to maintain discipline. Business experts of Telus tends to maintain effective communication with the employees in order to motivate the employees for maintaining structural behavior. Contextual variables and structural variables: Contextual variables signify a transitory factor that involved the setting in which an interaction occurs. Contextual variable is constituted with several components including task environment, business strategy, organizational size, organizational workforce and technology. Telus has appointed huge number of workforce by giving a flexible work environment so that employees tend to perform well towards the services. On the other hand, organization should follow proper organization structure to give a feasible work environment. Structural variable includes decision making and leadership, control system, communication and information, reward system and job design. Telus tends to follow a specific management hierarchy in order to control the entire process of business in the global market. As per the managerial policy of Telus, business managers follow participative leadership style at the workplace. Participative leadership style enables the employees in sharing their own views and thoughts to the managers. As a result employees get motivation in performing well towards business services (Noe et al., 2014). Managers of Telus on the other hand do not wish to impose their own decision on the employees. As a result, both the managers and the employees can maintain an effective communication with each other. Employees do not show their reluctant attitude in maintaining this rules and regulations. As per the management system of Telus, business experts tend to follow proper business ethics. Employees from various geographical backgrounds and attitudes tend to get equal priority and response (Bal and De Lange 2015). By implementing gender equality act, human resource managers tend to recruit both male and female employees with equal respect and dignity. Large numbers of female employees are holding higher position in Telus. People belonging to various geographical backgrounds and attitudes get a complete comfortable environment within the workplace of Telus due to their flexibility in managerial system. Implementation of diversity management is one of the most effective steps that made the entire management system Telus complicated. Human resource managers primarily focus on the competency and skill of the employees rather than focusing on their cultural backgrounds. Human resource managers are very much effective in recruiting employees from different geographical as well as religious backgrounds (Hameed, Ramzan Zubair, 2014). As a result, the managers have faced se several issues such as communication barrier, psychological barrier and cultural barrier. Due to language problem employees have to face immense challenges in sharing their thoughts and views effectively. As a result, managers have to face difficulties in delivering the services within proper time. Being unable to meet the deadline employees have to face dissatisfaction from customers feedback. However, employees from diverse cultural backgrounds and attitudes have immense psychological barriers while making an effecti ve collective decision (Oladapo, 2014). Due to cultural barrier employees cannot exchange views and thoughts regarding the success of business. However, as per the initiates taken from human resource managers of Telus, employees from different cultural backgrounds are provided effective training and career development program. With the help of an effective career development program, employees have enhanced their communication skill. As a result, managers do not have to face challenges in interacting with the customers effectively. Management system: Management system of Telus is constituted with several factors including quality system, performance management system, policies and procedure, information system, talent management system, change management system, risk management system and so on. Controlling the performance level of employees has major significance. Telus being one of the most recognizable telecommunication brands of Canada has implemented several compensation strategy and policy based on which employees tend to show their best services. Telus in order to run the business effectively has implement performance pay, quality bonus, rewards and recognition and so on. With the rapid progress of globalization the rage of target customers are increasing day by day. Telus business managers do not intend to implement organization policy without communicating with the employees. As per the opinion of Gerhart and Fang (2014), the success of a business organization is entirely dependent on the performance level of employees. Therefore, implementing health and safety act, anti-discrimination act, gender equity act leaves major significance. Therefore, business managers before making organizational strategy tend to communicate with the employees effectively. After making a collective decision the managers tend to implement the policy within workplace. Compensation plan determines what the Pay Mix should be for each sales role. Pay mix in general point of view is the ratio between base salary and pay of incentives at the stipulated target performances. Common practices that leaves a major impact on compensation mix includes competitive pay analysis, industry practices, compensation philosophy, culture and job dimensions. The primary purpose of making a proper compensation mix is to evaluate basic salary of employees, their benefits and incentives (Van De Voorde Beijer, 2015). Employees would like to give their additional effort only when they would get necessary benefits in the form of increment, incentives or bonus. Telus being one of the most recognizable telecommunication companies of Canada has decided to implement two types of compensation plan including monitory and non-monitory. The business managers intend to provide rewards and recognition to the employees while implementing compensation and benefits. By keeping the basic salary fixed the employees are given equivalent rewards like gift coupons or any kind of material aspects. In addition, in order to appreciate the performance level the employees are given a promotion for holding the higher position (Gerhart Fang, 2014). Telus tends to promote the employees as per their performance level rather than showing their experience. On the other hand, monitory benefits come in the form of increment, incentives and bonus. Recommendations and rewards: However, after evaluating the overall strategies of Telus regarding compensation and benefits some of the recommendations can be provided and the recommendations are as follows. Telus should implement some social rewards and recognition policy in order to grab the attention of employees. It has been observed that along with giving immense facilities and benefits the business experts are maintaining rotational shifts. Employees have to follow this particular shift in order to maintain a work balance (Anitha, 2014). Due to this rotational shift, employees are facing immense health issues. In this kind of situation, the rate of employee turnover in Telus is raised enormously. However, it can be recommended that Telus can follow a particular shift for the employees based on which employees would not face challenges in maintaining this particular shift. It has been observed the human resource managers of Telus within the gradual progress of business industry do not give their employees effective training and development session for enhancing their skills and competency level. In this kind of situation, employees sometimes fail to meet customers needs and demands (Pan, 2015). In order to render good performances the business experts should enhance their budget for training and development purposes. As a result, customers would not have to face challenges in receiving their services properly. Reference List: Alam, N., Rubel, A. K. (2014). Impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility on Customer Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance.International journal of productivity and performance management,63(3), 308. Bal, P.M. and De Lange, A.H., 2015. From flexibility human resource management to employee engagement and perceived job performance across the lifespan: A multisample study.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,88(1), pp.126-154. Gatewood, R., Feild, H. S., Barrick, M. (2015). Human resource selection. Nelson Education Gerhart, B., Fang, M. (2014). Pay for (individual) performance: Issues, claims, evidence and the role of sorting effects.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), 41-52. Gupta, N., Shaw, J. D. (2014). Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), 1-4. Hameed, A., Ramzan, M., Zubair, H. M. K. (2014). Impact of compensation on employee performance (empirical evidence from banking sector of Pakistan).International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(2). industry using boosting.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,10(2), 1659-1665. Long, C. S., Perumal, P. (2014). EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES'TURNOVER INTENTION.International Journal of Business and society,15(1), 111. Lu, N., Lin, H., Lu, J., Zhang, G. (2014). A customer churn prediction model in telecom Noe, R. A., Wilk, S. L., Mullen, E. J., Wanek, J. E. (2014). Employee Development: Issues in Construct Definition and Investigation ofAntecedents.Improving Training Effectiveness in WorkOrganizations, ed. JK Ford, SWJ Kozlowski, K. Kraiger, E. Salas, and MS Teachout (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997), 153-189. Oladapo, V. (2014). The impact of talent management on retention.Journal of business studies quarterly,5(3), 19. Osibanjo, A. O., Adeniji, A. A., Falola, H. O., Heirsmac, P. T. (2014). Compensation packages: a strategic tool for employees' performance and retention. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, (25), 65-84. Pan, F. C. (2015). Practical application of importance-performance analysis in determining critical job satisfaction factors of a tourist hotel.Tourism Management,46, 84-91. Samnani, A. K., Singh, P. (2014). Performance-enhancing compensation practices and employee productivity: The role of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), 5-16. Satisfaction in Telecom Industry of Bangladesh.ABC Journal Of Advanced Research,3(2), 26-37. Van De Voorde, K., Beijer, S. (2015). The role of employee HR attributions in the relationship between high?performance work systems and employee outcomes.Human Resource Management Journal,25(1), 62-78.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Nurse caring paper Essay Example

Nurse caring paper Essay Examples of three different articles were compared and contrasted, all studying the concept of raring in nursing with different approaches to understand this concept more deeply, and find both similar and differing themes in their conclusions. The first of these three articles, Descriptions of Caring Uncovered in Students Baccalaureate Program Admission Essays, is by Judith J. Sadler in the International Journal for Human Caring. This article is unique amongst the 3 that are being compared in that since they are statements written by those who are not yet nurses, they represent conjecture of what these would-be nurses think nurse caring looks like, rather than actual experiences that have occurred (Sadler, 2004). Its method was extracting themes from the 250-300 word essays that 302 applicants wrote for application into a BBS program. This made its central question to ask what did the applicants who wish to become nurses perceive the qualities of a good nurse to be. The central theme of these admission essays emerged as identifying compassion as a characteristic of a good nurse; while breaking down the attributes of a nurse further into the five sub- categories of Multidimensional work, Creative process of using presence, Holistic injection, and Individually and socially defined. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse caring paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse caring paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nurse caring paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The best part of this kind of study seemed to be that although these students definitions were ignorant of what it is like to actually be a nurse, their idealism about nurse caring without the knowledge of the balance of time constraints and the desire to be perceived as a good nurse was what shone through. The second article considered, The Little Extra That Alleviates Suffering by Maria Raman and Earn Reinserted was published in Nursing Ethics. This study was also unique in that it examined verbal interactions between both racing nurses to their patients, and also between clinical nursing students and their patients. Its method was a hermeneutic method, assuming the theoretical perspective of creative caring and ethics of understanding life. A central theme that was found in this study was that the caregivers offering the little extra were able to offer more caring than the ideal nursing model perspective, in that the patients were being truly seen in this interaction as a fellow human being, deserving of caring and ultimately respect of their humanity (Raman Reinserted, 2007). It goes on to be able to recognize what this looks like in a clinical setting, identified by verbal or non- verbal willingness to go beyond the bare minimum of Just fulfilling the necessary required tasks of the Job of a nurse, which resulted in the patient feeling that the caregiver cared about them as a person. My general impression of these nurses in this study is the ones with the demonstrated desire to show their patients that they were willing to do more, were the ones the study authors identified as caring nurses. The third and final article examining caring in nursing, Beyond empathy: expanding expressions of caring by Janice Morse in the Journal of Advanced Nursing. Unlike the first two, this study only examined the actual working and licensed nurses who were already done being nursing students, and therefore had more actual real world knowledge of what nurse caring is like after the nursing textbooks and idyllic nursing theories are but a past memory. This study examines nurse caring by describing nurse responses to patients who are suffering, and the ruses level of engagement was largely classified by the author by whether the caregiver is focused on him or herself or the patient, and whether the caregiver responded reflexively or with a learned response. The method for this study centered around examining the nurses response to their patients suffering in an alternative communication model, which sorts these responses into the four quadrants of patient-focused, self-focused (self being defined as the caregivers own self), first- level or reflexive or natural responses, and second-level Learned responses. It was interesting to read this authors take on the caregiver focusing on their own or their patients feelings largely determined their perceived level of caring; and that the least caring response was a learned professional response, but was considered to be seemingly almost cold when the caregiver was self-focused on their own feelings on the patients suffering instead of the patients own feelings. In each of these 3 articles, a common theme that runs between each of them is that the caring nurse is considered to be synonymous with a good nurse, which each of the participants whether aspiring-nursing student, actual nursing student, or an actual practicing nurse desired to be. They are each different in the groups of caregivers studied, from idyllic nursing-student hopeful, to clinical nurse, and to practicing nurse. With each of the articles and caregiver populations, it seemed to be a foregone conclusion that each of these levels of nurses had the end desire to be a caring nurse, as opposed to treating it as a decision that a nurse had to think over the merit of being a caring nurse or not.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Pen and Pumpkin Essays

Pen and Pumpkin Essays Pen and Pumpkin Essay Pen and Pumpkin Essay How To Carve a Pumpkin Overview: Jack-o-lanterns are a traditional welcome for trick-or-treaters, an invitation to stop by for a Halloween surprise. Its also something you can make with the leftovers you cant use for Halloween cooking. Materials: Candles, Knives, Felt-tip Pens, Pumpkins, Candleholders, Pumpkin-carving sets(Optional) Instructions: 1. Select a fresh pumpkin in a shape that pleases you. Some people like their pumpkins low and round, while others like them tall and oval-shaped. . Draw a circle on top of the pumpkin in preparation for making an opening large enough for your hand to reach through. 3. Cut through the stem end of the pumpkin along your outline with a sharp knife or carving tool. Use a back and forth slicing motion to cut through the thick skin. 4. Remove the stem end, which will act as a cap. Make sure you scrape off any seeds or pulp. 5. Use a large spoon to scoop out the seeds and pulp from inside the pumpkin. Hold the spoon by its bowl to get extra leverage while scooping. 6. Draw a pattern for the face on the clean pumpkin with a felt-tip pen. Be sure to make the eyes, nose and mouth large enough; youll have a hard time cutting out tiny features when youre using a big knife blade to saw through tough skin. 7. Follow your pattern as you cut all the way through the pumpkin. 8. Push the cut out features gently from the inside of the pumpkin. 9. Put a candle inside the pumpkin to create a glow.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD - Essay Example The global food print has risen sturdily over the years. In 1961, 27% of the earth’s biosphere had been used up by the global food system (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 1). Currently, 40% of the earth’s biologically productive area is under the global food system or 47%, if non-edible crops (such as tobacco) or unharvested crops are included (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 2). Infrastructure and urban growth utilizes the additional productive land, while also exerting pressure on existing ecosystems. In fact, expanding food production to new and less productive marginal lands is not a sustainable option in the long term. Bringing the global food print in line with the earth’s biosphere capacity is the only sustainable solution to the current unsustainable global food system (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 1). Three major revolutions have changed agricultural production in the fullness of time. The initial revolution concerned the growth of sow agricu lture and the utilization of animal muscle to increase arable land. The next revolution occupied the more advance of technologies, such as enhanced yokes for extra organized animal labor, fertilizers application, and improvement of drainage systems; at the same instant, the industrial revolution began. The third revolution was distinguished by numerous innovations; food manufacturing chemical agriculture and automation. The last revolution laid the base for the agricultural industry, transforming agriculture from the farm to the entire practice of developing high yielding hybrids, as well as food transport to the user, developing an agro-commodity manufacture scheme (Knox and Marston 266). Biotechnology is a new phenomenon in agriculture. Enthusiasts on the one hand suggest that production expenses reduce when biotechnology is utilized in farming, handling matters of environmental deterioration, chemicals misuse, and soil exhaustion. All together, Biotechnology worries a number of c ritics who argue that the circulation of Biotechnology resides in the selected parts of the world, with its advantages never benefiting the consumer. Biotechnology seeks to transform farming, making several farming practices outdated (Knox and Marston 298). What are the main challenges currently confronting our global food system? The current global food system was popular until late in the 20th century. More food was produced than before, more cheaply and with a measure of safety, assortment, quality, and ease that previous generations would find puzzling (Wilson 1). Hunger seemed to be a thing of the past. Currently however, the global food systems seem to promote overconsumption and scarcity, at the same time shrinking the earth’s ability to produce food in future. (Wilson 2). Aligning the global food print with the earth’s biosphere capacity is the major challenge facing the current global food system. The global food print is comprised of four primary components, these are cropland. Pasture, energy, and fisheries. Understanding patterns of bio-capacity consumption by each of these sectors enables easier and specific targeting of these consumption areas of the global food print (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 2). The cropland footprint has gradually increased with the world population. Intensified

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Assisted Suicide and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assisted Suicide and the Law - Essay Example ation of assisted suicide with the view that â€Å"people who wish to retain their dignity and choice at the end of their lives should have the option of a peaceful, gentle, certain, and swift death in the company of their loved ones† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 1). The society’s objective advocates for legalization of assisted suicide with an informed patient’s decision and with the patient’s family being informed. I agree with the society’s opinion that the decision should be legally left to patients. This is because the current legal and ethical healthcare provisions do not address the issue, creating confusion among physicians. The Supreme Court has also, in the past, found no legal liability in assisted suicide and left the decision to physician and patient’s ethical consideration. Euthanasia would be the best option because it is painless (Westrick, Dempski and Katherine, 2008). I would add a provision that a mentally incapacitated person be entitled to a physician assisted suicide with the consent of an approved caretaker, preferably a close relative. This is because the category of persons may be in great need of the service but lacks the capacity to

Monday, November 18, 2019

Answer some questions related to the Criminal Justice in Japan and Assignment

Answer some questions related to the Criminal Justice in Japan and China - Assignment Example They include Democratic China emergence, prolonged chaos, and an authoritarian, resilient China. China charges robustly into the 21st century, with many issues at stake that are likely to impact current and the future criminal system. Scholars and experts continue the debate on whether the communist government presently will adopt rule of law or pay lip service towards the approach. Some of the scholars describe the nation as no longer communist but that it rather operates under collective dictatorship. The claim is that little evidence exists for the political philosophy of Marxist-Leninist community. This philosophy was embraced by Chinese leaders who were early communist in 1950’s (Qui, 2013). Market force or capitalism type is prevailing in economic arena. Democratic China emergence is the most likely scenario that can occur over the next 20-30 years. Greater political and cultural pluralism is as a result of a better-educated and wealthier middle-class society that is more robust and with a stronger currency. The emergence of a democratic China is the major optimistic scenario given by Professor Li. He argues that it has been linked to growth in the rule of law and legal institutions that have evolved rapidly over the past decades (Craiq, 2013). In the present period of early 21st century, the leadership of China has been under the operation of collectivist technocratic fashion (Qui, 2013). There is a possibility for emergence of a strong single leader thus contributing the concept of resilient authoritarianism in China. Continuance of the present structure of the collectivist, as is exemplified in Politburo, continues to hold power reins. The stability of the Communist regime is undermined by economic and socio-political crises that are triggered by environmental degradation, health crises, and economic disparities among the rural with urban populations, as well as rampant corruption among elites. Since China is a

Friday, November 15, 2019

Strategic Management Process At Sainsburys

Strategic Management Process At Sainsburys 1.0 Introduction The aim of this report is about the Strategic Management Process and how it related to the retail industry. The retail industry that was chose to support this report is J Sainsbury Plc, the third largest chain of supermarkets in the United Kingdom. In Strategy Management Process, it consists of three major sections which are, first, the Strategy Analysis, then follow by Strategy Formulation and lastly is the Strategy Implementation. In Strategy Management, there are various types of Strategy Analytical tools to apply to find out the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats of an organisation as all the organisations will face its glory time and difficulties. Generally in the retail industry, Strategy Management is the most common plan to use to seek the problems or opportunities available to overcome the crisis and driving high performance in the long term (Accenture.com, 2009). Few chosen tools such as Porters PEST Analysis, Five forces, Value Chain Analysis, Portfolio Analysis , Generic Strategy, Control System and Strategy Process were further explained and supported in this report. 2.0 Strategy Analysis According to Ron Meyer (2004, pg44), analysis is the first step to develop a strategy decision. In Analysis stage, an organization has to identify the opportunities and threats in the environment, as well as the strengths and weaknesses first before proceeding into strategy formulation. These are commonly known as the four factors of S.W.O.T. analysis. SWOT analysis will help to identify the issues that are must critical to the future of the organisation. As for the first part of the analysis, factors which are external to the organization are the opportunity and threats. While for the internal factors are the strength and weaknesses. There are strategy analytical tools to identify the external and internal factors. PEST is one of the tools that can trace the opportunity and Five Forces can use to identify the threats of the organization. On the other hand, value chains analysis can apply to identify the strength and weaknesses. 2.1 Opportunities and Threats An organizations Opportunity and Threats are affected by external environment. Opportunities are external conditions that are helpful to achieving the objective of an organization while threats are external conditions that are harmful to achieving the organisations objective. 2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses Internal Environment affects an organisations Strengths and Weaknesses. Strength are the capabilities of the organization that are helpful to achieving the objective whereas, Weakness attributes of the organization that are harmful to achieving the objective. 2.3 Strategy Analytical Tools for External Environment (Macro-Environment) Strategy analytical tools such as PEST and Five Forces can identify the external environment factors to an organization. 2.3.1 PEST Analysis is an External Environment Tool that Identify the Opportunity of an Organization Thomas L. Wheelen (2010) points out that the general environment consists of all conditions in the external environment that forms a background context for managerial decision making. In other words, general environment is the outer layer that is widely dispersed and affects organizations indirectly. General environment can be affected by Political factors, Environmental factors, Social factors and Technological factors or in acronym, PEST. Political Factor-Political factors refer to the government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. In United Kingdom, government decreases the rate of corporation tax from 30% to 28%, which can save or help big companies like Sainsburys significant sums of money. (HM Treasury 2008). Economic Factor-Interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates are factors of economy. As the global food crisis rapidly increase has increased the food prices all over the world which caused the rising purchasing costs for Sainsburys (economist.com 2008 [online]). This will have an impact on the margins of the organisation and might lead to passing over the cost to consumers by increasing prices of most things in the supermarket. In addition, fuel price increases will have implications right throughout the supply chain of Sainsburys leading to an overall situation to price hike. Social Factor-Richard Lynch stated that (2006) the demand of a firms products and the availability and willingness of a person to work can be affected by the changes of the social trends. Nowadays there seems to be more emphasis on fresh, easy style cooking. This serves an opportunity for Sainsburys to encourage new recipes and unfussy eating. Moreover, people are more emphasis on healthy eating style mostly due to the increasing level of obesity which leads to many consumers to shift towards healthier food. This new trend has presents a beneficial opportunity to Sainsburys to stock up with more healthy food or create healthier foods at a cheaper price than other manufacturers. Technological Factor-New technologies can create new products and new processes that can reduce costs, improve quality and lead to innovation. Sainsbury invested new technology of Smart Grid to cuts energy costs and reduces UK carbon emissions rate. The system monitors the grid and activates the stores biofuel generator when there is an increased demand for electricity. As a result, reserve power stations will not have to be used as much and the UKs carbon footprint will be reduced. The generator is the first of its kind and will be powered by waste oil and fat from Sainsburys stores to act as an auxiliary power source. Additional technology in the store will reduce strain on the grid further by deactivating or reducing the stores heating, ventilation and lighting systems at peak times. This is an opportunity to Sainsbury as they use the waste to produce electricity rather than using other source, hence, they can save up the electricity costs. (Sainsbury.co.uk,2010) 2.4 Fives Forces Model to Analysis the External Environment Five forces model is an analytical approach use to analyze a firms industry environment. Factors that are considered in five forces analysis are the risk of entry by potential competitors, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products and rivalry among established firms. (John A. Pearce, 2011) The Bargaining Power of Suppliers-Suppliers can affect an industry through their ability to raise prices or reduce the quality of purchased good and services. It should be noted that the suppliers are inclined towards major food and grocery retailers and dread losing their business contracts with large supermarkets. Hence, the position of the retailers like Tesco, Asda, and Sainsburys is further strengthened and negotiations are positive in order to get the lowest possible price from the suppliers (Ivorysearch.com). In November 2006, Sainsbury has announced that they are the first to launch new payment management system to make it easier and quicker for suppliers to access account information and gain early payments which has built a strong relationship with the supplier. Suppliers can view their trading account through internet, this giving the supplier better visibility of their expected cash flow. This is also an opportunity to Sainsbury as they have a good relationship with the supplier (PrimeRevenue.com, 2009). The Intensity of Competitive Rivalry-In most industries, corporations are mutually dependant. A competitive move by one firm can be expected to have a noticeable effect on its competitors and thus may cause retaliation. The intensity of competitive rivalry in the food and grocery retail industry is extremely high. Sainsbury faces intense competition from its direct competitors, including Asda, Tesco, Morrisons and Waitrose, which are competing with each other over price, products and promotions intermittently. It should therefore be highlighted that Asda is one of the key competitors in this segment with an increase of market share from 16.6% to 16.8% during the fiscal year 2010/ 09, while Morrisons to 11.6% from 11.3% through the same period (Euromonitor, 2010). Sainsbury has to come out new ideas to cope with the high competitive pressure in order to overcome the threats from other big competitors. The Bargaining Power of Buyers-Buyers is one of the keys that affect an industry because of their ability to force down prices, bargain for higher quality or move services, and play competitors against each other. In cases where products have a slight differentiation and are more standardised, the switching cost is very low and the buyers can easily switch from one brand to another. Customers are easily attracted towards low prices of a product. Besides, with the availability of online retail shopping, the prices of products are easily compared and thus selected. Hence, the bargaining power of customer is a threat to an industry or Sainsbury (John Thompson, 2010). The Threat of the Entry of New Competitors-New entrants to an industry typically bring to it new capacity, a desire to gain market share, and substantial resources which are threats to an established corporation. The threat of entry depends on the presence of entry barriers and the reaction that can be expected from existing competitors. An entry barrier is an obstruction that makes it difficult for a company to enter an industry. The threat of entry of new competitors into the food retail industry is low as it requires huge capital investments in order to be competitive and to establish a brand name. Major brands that have already captured the food retail market are Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys and Morrisons and they account for 80% of all shopping in the UK (Mintel, 2010). Therefore, new entrants have to produce something at an exceptionally low price and/or high quality to establish their market value. The Threat of Substitute Products or Services-A substitute product is a product that appears to be different but can satisfy the same need as another product. 2.5 Strategy Analytical Methods for Internal Environment (Micro-Environment) Value Chain Analysis defines as the activities that take place in a business and relates them to an analysis of the competitive strength of the business. Michael Porter suggested that the activities of a business could be grouped under two headings which are Primary and Supported Activities. Primary activities are activities that directly create and deliver a product whereas support activities are not directly involved in production and it may increase effectiveness or efficiency of the production. On the primary activities are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and service. On the other hand, supported activities include procurement, human resource management, technology development and Firm Infrastructure. (Anthony Henry, 2008). Value Chain Analysis is one way of identifying which activities are the strengths or weaknesses of the organization. 2.5.1 Operations of Primary Activities These are the activities related to the production of products and services. This section can be split into departments in certain companies. For instances, the operations in case of a Sainsbury would include information counter, services counter and cashier. After operating without a third-party inventory auditor for ten years, Sainsburys retailers lacked a sound process for ensuring that accurate counts of product were recorded. The absence of a reliable system prevented Sainsburys from accurately measuring its inventory, thereby limiting their ability to control product shrinkage. This, in turn, led to lower earnings. Also present was the reluctance by store personnel to change store procedures and accept responsibility for accurate store reporting. This ends up becoming weaknesses to Sainsburys operation. (RGIS, 2010) 2.5.2 Outbound Logistics of Primary Activities Outbound logistics are activities that distributing the final product or services to the customers. (David Cambell) Product availability is now the best it has been for years. The depot network has been successfully reorganised to continue to improve service to stores. With the increase in sales, the depots now handle over a million more cases and improved efficiencies have also reduced the cost per case. A new distribution centre in Northampton ensures there is enough capacity to match growth expectations and creating 750 new jobs. This strength of the organization has not only improved efficiency to the consumer and also provided jobs for the people (J-Sainsbury.co.uk, 2007) 2.6 Human Resource Management of Supported Activities Human resource management involves with recruiting, training, motivating and rewarding the workforce of the company. Human resources management is important to a companys operation nowadays as it is a way of attaining sustainable competitive advantage. In the case of Sainsbury, colleagues are the key to the companys success and over the past year leadership training to 9000 managers throughout the business was completed. Sainsbury learned how to engage with its colleagues with its goals and values through their talkback survey and last year had marked improvements in both colleague engagement and its leadership skills. As for that, Sainsbury has a good profile for treating its staff professionally so that this strength of it can recruit staff even easily. After analysed the Strength and Weaknesses and Opportunity and Threats by using Strategic Analytical tools, the next step is Strategy Formulation. With the analysis result are collected, to formulate changes has to base on the analysed results in order to change accordingly. 3.0 Strategy Formulation Ron Meyer (2004) describes strategy formulation as the development of long range plans for the effective management of environmental opportunities and threats in light of corporate strengths and weaknesses. It includes defining the corporate mission, specifying achievable objectives, developing strategies and setting policy guidelines. 3.1 Strategies M. Thenmozhi (2001) concludes that a strategy of a corporation forms a comprehensive master plan stating how the corporation will achieve its mission and objectives. There are different types of strategy and the typical business firm will considers three types of strategy which are corporate, business and functional strategies. 3.2 Corporate Strategy It describes a companys overall direction in terms of its general attitude towards growth and management of its various business and product lines. Corporate strategy deals with three key issues facing the corporation as a whole. 3.2.1 Directional strategy It is the firms overall orientation towards growth, stability and retrenchment. Growth Strategies-Expanding a companys activities to increase sales or to take advantage to reduce the per-unit cost of products sold which increase profits. There are two basic growth strategies which are concentration and diversification. Concentration-Concentrate or work closely on the product line that contribute growth or profitable to the organization. The two basic concentration strategies are vertical growth and horizontal growth. Diversification-A company chooses to diversify to seek to increase profitability through greater sales volume obtained from new products and new markets. The three basic diversification strategies are concentric, horizontal and conglomerate. In the case of Sainsbury, Sainsbury has diversified into new market of Sainsburys Bank in 1997. This is a joint venture with Bank of Scotland into a new segment of market. (Encyclopedia.com, 2001) Stability- Anthony Henry (2008) notes that an organization can continue its current activities without any significant change in direction. Some of the more popular of these strategies are the pause/proceed-with-caution, no-change and profit strategies. Pause/Proceed-With-Caution-This is an opportunity to rest before continuing a growth or retrenchment strategy. It is a very deliberate attempt to make only incremental improvements until a particular environmental situation changes. No-Change Strategy-No change strategy is a decision to do nothing new, it is a choice to continue current operations and policies for the foreseeable future. Profit Strategy-A profit strategy is a decision to do nothing new in a worsening situation but instead to act as though the companys problems are only temporary. The profit strategy is an attempt to artificially support profits when a companys sales are declining by reducing investment and short-term discretionary expenditures. Retrenchment Strategies-Thomas L. Wheelen (2006) suggests that companies that are facing declining sales or making losses can imply retrenchment strategy to eliminate the weaknesses that are dragging the company down. Management may follow one of the several retrenchment strategies such as turnaround, becoming a captive company to selling out, bankruptcy or liquidation. Turnaround Strategy-Emphasizes the improvement of operational efficiency and is probably most appropriate when a corporations problems are pervasive but not yet critical. A poorly performing firm is able to improve its performance by cutting costs and expenses and by selling assets. There are two types of turnaround strategy which are contraction and consolidation. Sainsbury lost its position as Britains second largest supermarket retailer to Wal-Marts Asda as the sales volume had dropped. Sainsburys Cheif Exceutive planned to cut out  £900m of costs to improve its performance. (Richard Fletcher, 2003) Captive Company Strategy-Captive company strategy involves giving up independence in exchange for security. A company with a weak competitive position may not be able to engage in a full-blown turnaround strategy. The industry may not be sufficiently attractive to justify such an effort from either the current management or investors. Sell Out-If a corporation with a weak competitive position in an industry is unable either to pull itself up by its bootstraps or to find a customer to which it can become a captive company, it may have no choice but to sell out. Bankruptcy and Liquidation Strategy-When a company is in a poor competitive situation, there are no one is interested to buy a weak company in an unattractive industry. Hence, the firm must pursue a bankruptcy or liquidation strategy. Bankruptcy involves giving up management of the firm to the courts in return for some settlement of the corporations obligations. In contrast to bankruptcy, which seeks to perpetuate a corporation, liquidation is the termination of a firm. 3.2.2 Portfolio Analysis Top management views its product lines and business units as a series of portfolio investment and constantly keep analyzing for a profitable return. Two of the most popular strategies are the BCG Growth Share Matrix and GE Matrix. BCG or Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix ( Picture refers to Appendix A) BCG-Share Matrix is a management tool that serves four distinct purposes, it can be used to classify product portfolio in four business types based on four graphic labels including Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks and Dogs. Besides, it can be used to determine what priorities should be given in the product portfolio of a company. Thirdly, it can classify an organisations product portfolio according to their cash usage and generation. Lastly, it offers management available strategies to tackle various product lines. (Tripod.com) Cash Cows-Are units with high market share in a slow-growing industry. These units typically generate cash in excess of the amount of cash needed to maintain the business. Dogs-Are units with low market share in a mature, slow-growing industry. These units typically break even, generating barely enough cash to maintain the businesss market share. Question Marks-This section are growing rapidly and consume large amount of cash, but because of the low market shares they do not generate much cash this results large net cash consumption. Stars-Are units with a high market share in a fast-growing industry. 3.2.3 Parenting Strategy It views a corporation in terms of resources and capabilities that can be used to build business unit value as well as generate synergies across business units. Corporate parenting generates corporate strategy by focusing on the core competencies of the parent corporation and on the value created from the relationship between the parent and its business. 3.3 Business Strategy Christina Crowe (2010) describes that Business strategy is to strengthen a particular business so that its performance increases and the business are more profitable. It improves the competitive position of the corporations products or services in the specific industry or marketing segment. Michael Porter developed Generic strategies which consist of cost leadership, differentiation and focus. 3.3.1 Generic Strategy (Picture refer to Appendix B) Cost Leadership-It is emphasizing efficiency, cost reduction is necessary in all aspects of the business. It has to produce high volume of standardized products to take the advantage of economies of scales and experience curve effects. The product is often a basic no-frills product which is low cost and made available to a very large customer base. It will be profitable as the product is much cheaper to produce. China domestic retail industry faced fierce competition from foreign-funded retail enterprises, hence, China used to the Cost Leadership Strategy to gained back the competition.(EngHi138, 2006) Differentiation-Differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers through a sustainable competitive advantage. This allows companies to desensitize prices and focus on value that generates a comparatively higher price and a better margin. Focus or Niche Strategy-Organization focuses effort and resources on a narrow, defined segment of a market. Competitive advantage is generated specifically for the niche. A niche strategy is often used by smaller firms. A company could use either a cost focus or a differentiation focus. With a cost focus a firm aims at being the lowest cost producer in that niche or segment. With a differentiation focus a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. (MarketingTeacher.com, 2000) 3.4 Functional Strategy It is the approach taken by a functional area to achieve corporate and business unit objectives and strategies by maximizing resource productivity. It is concerned with developing nurturing a distinctive competence to provide a company or business unit with a competitive advantage. A hierarchy of strategy is the grouping of strategy types by levels in the organization. This hierarchy of strategy is a nesting of one strategy within another so that they complement and support one another. Functional strategies support business strategies that in turn support the corporate strategy (John A. Pearce, 2011,p288) 3.5 Strategy Evaluation Anthony Henry (2008) mentions that Suitability, feasibility and acceptability can help managers to be explicit about any assumptions that may underpin their strategies. 3.5.1 Suitability-the plan or the changes are suitable or not to the organisation which help the organisation to overcome difficulties or help the organisation to improve. An organisation will be concerned to evaluate how well the strategy matches the needs identified within its strategic analysis. There should be some consistency between the strategy, the opportunities within the external environment, the resources and capabilities of the organisation, and the organisational objectives (Juha Kettunen) 3.5.2 Feasibility-Concerns whether a strategy will work in practice. An organisation must ensure that it possesses the necessary resources and capabilities, such as finance, technological expertise, marketing, and other factors necessary to implement the strategy. 3.5.3 Acceptability- This criterion of acceptability addresses the response of stakeholders to the proposed strategy. Clearly, if a strategic change is to be implemented, it must have the support of those who will be most affected by it. In a nutshell, after completed the strategy formulation, the next is to sets the stage of strategy implementation. Implementation is usually considered after strategy has been formulated, implementation is a key part of strategic management. 4.0 Strategy Implementation The last section of strategy management is often called the action phase as Kyra Bartolomei (2010) defines Strategy Implementation as the process of allocating resources to support the chosen strategies to generate positive outcomes which can achieve the organizational goals. Pierce and Robinson say that to effectively direct and control the use of the firms resources, mechanisms such as organizational structure, information systems, leadership styles, assignment of key managers, budgeting, rewards and control systems are essential strategy implementation ingredients 4.1 Organisational Structure Shane Thornton (2011) points out that organizational structure are formal systems of relationships that exist within a business. Organizational structures allow management to monitor and control the business process while facilitating working relationships among employees from top to bottom. Different types of organizational structures include functional structure, divisional structure, matrix structure, hierarchical or tall structure, and horizontal or flat structure. However, functional and divisional structures are commonly used by retail industry as Tesco organisation structure is functional structure as it has different department to serve different tasks which allows its employees to see easily who is in charge of each department or who their department manager is (123HelpMe.com). On the other hand, Asda used both divisional and functional structures. The functional structure of Asda consist of few departments and the main department is the customer service department as Asda is more concerns about customer service which they think it is extremely important that a business gives 100% at all times to the customer because there are only one chance with a customer and if the customer is not impressed with the service they received, they will not return and also will spread bad comments about Asda. As for the Divisional Structure of Asda, it has the Executive Committee, Editorial Board, Council Chairs, ASDA Board of Trustees and ASDA House of Delegates (Asda.net.org). Functional Structure-Donna G. Morton (2011) explained that functional structure is differs from a divisional or product structure, which typically distinguishes its units by product type or geographical region and allows leaders within each unit more control. This means that dividing the tasks into functional specialties to enables the personnel of the firms to concentrate on only one aspect of the necessary work. The functional structure was designed on the concept that high specialization and high control yields high efficiency. The organisation structure used by Sainsbury is the Functional Structure as Sainsbury has different department such as IT department and purchasing department. The IT department is more focus on efficiency system to customer and the purchasing department is to deliver in time and efficient. The purchasing department was previously complex and was then control by Lawrence Christensen who joined in September and restructuring including the recruitment of new members to the management team. (J-sainsbury.co.uk) Divisional Structure-Audra Bianca (2009) defines divisional organizational structure as breaks the public, private or non-profit firm into a series of semi-autonomous units. Each division has its own chief officer who is responsible for the performance of the division. Organizations must decide how to organize parts of the firm according to characteristics like function, geographic location or products. 4.2 Strategy Leadership Organisational leadership is to guiding and shepherding towards a vision over time and developing growth and success to an organisation (John A. Pearce, 2011, p326 ). Leaders galvanize commitment to embrace change through three interrelated activities which are clarifying strategic intent, building and organisation and shaping organisational culture. 4.2.1 Clarifying Strategy Intent Clarifying Strategy Intent is a clear sense of where they want to lead the company and what results they expect to achieve. To clarify Strategic Intent, organisation has to simultaneously concentrate and focus on the vision and performance (John A. Pearce, 2011, p328). Vision-A leader has to communicate clearly and directly a fundamental vision of what the business needs to become. Performance-Clarifying strategic intent must also ensure the survival of the enterprise as it pursues a well articulated vision, and after it reaches the vision. So a key element of good organisational leadership is to make clear the performance expectations a leader has for the organisation, and mangers in it, as they seek to move toward that vision. Alex Blyth (2007) reported that the arrival of Justin King as the new CEO of Sainsbury which created a new approach, Sainsburys began its leadership programme in October 2004. Straight away, the HR team undertook a major communications exercise to spread these values throughout the business. Sainsburys last audited set of financial results, which it reported in November 2006, are testament to the success of the leadership programme. The company enjoyed half-year sales growth of 8.3%, and a 60% leap in profits to  £189m. Internal measures have also shown the programme was well received. The companys monthly staff opinion survey has shown a 10% rise in the indices that measure employee engagement and leadership capability over the past 12 months. The leadership programme has been a significant factor in this recent improvement in the companys fortunes. 4.2.2 Building an Organisation Thomas L. Wheelen (2008) mentions that leaders spend considerable time shaping and refining their organisational structure and making it function effectively to accomplish strategic intent. Leaders have to rebuilding, remaking or create new strategy for the organisation to align with the ever-changing environment. However, there are overcoming resistance while making any changes which leaders find themselves facing problems while attempt to rebuild the organisation. Leaders can overcome with the problems with the help of education, perseverance and principle. Education and Leadership Development-The effort to familiarize future leaders with the skills important to the company and to develop exceptional leaders among the managers employed. Perseverance-Perseverance of a leader is the capacity to see a commitment through to completion long after most people would have stopped trying. Principle-A leaders fundamental personal standards that guide her sense of honesty, integrity, and ethical behaviour. 4.2.3 Shaping Organisational Culture Leaders u

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Influence of Russian Revolution on Western Civilization Essay -- essay

On the edge of XIX-XX centuries the capitalism of the free competition had turned into imperialism – monopolitical capitalism (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The growing social production and private capitalist appropriation of it, labour of ones and profit of others were the main processes owing to the aggravation of working class and bourgeoisie. The political parties of social army had started to form. In many countries of Western Europe, the socialist movements had appeared, where wide strata of working class participated in left-wing parties and trends (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The system of imperialism as a whole, had ripen for social revolutions of the new type – proletariat. As a result of unequal distribution of wealth and social cataclysms of post-war periods paved the way for breaking the chain of imperialism. Russia appeared to be that weak link in the chain of imperialism. The Russian Revolution influenced Western World to change, infecting working class to revolt global ly against imperialism, the crisis of colonialism had started. Russian Revolution of October 1917 was the child of the antagonism of classes in contradictory imperialism. It started in poorly ruled environment of Tsarism, prepared by previous revolutions of 1905-6 (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.30). â€Å"So ready was Russia for social revolution that masses treated the fall of Tsar as a proclamation of universal freedom, equality and direct democracy. The uncontrolled masses transformed into Bolshevik power† (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.36). Many political parties had arose, however, not many of them knew how to rule the huge country. As country mainly was agrarian with more than eighty per-cent of peasants, who were hungry, landless and tired of the endless wars, Bolsheviks who represente... ...cial governmental expenses increase, pension provision and illness insurance are present in today’s life and seem so obvious and obligatory mostly were influenced by the tensions of the working class in Europe and especially Russia in the XX century. In Russian revolution, communism appeared as â€Å"the constructed of a better alternative to capitalist society†, ironically in gave the roots to the socio-capitalistic structure of XXI century, which combines both ideologies of capitalism and socialism under one wing. History of the XX century cannot be understood without looking at Russian Revolution, whose influence brought important effects on present rights and freedoms of every individual in the social structure of today’s society (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.84). Reference Hobsbawm, E. (1995). Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. Abacus, 1995. Influence of Russian Revolution on Western Civilization Essay -- essay On the edge of XIX-XX centuries the capitalism of the free competition had turned into imperialism – monopolitical capitalism (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The growing social production and private capitalist appropriation of it, labour of ones and profit of others were the main processes owing to the aggravation of working class and bourgeoisie. The political parties of social army had started to form. In many countries of Western Europe, the socialist movements had appeared, where wide strata of working class participated in left-wing parties and trends (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.). The system of imperialism as a whole, had ripen for social revolutions of the new type – proletariat. As a result of unequal distribution of wealth and social cataclysms of post-war periods paved the way for breaking the chain of imperialism. Russia appeared to be that weak link in the chain of imperialism. The Russian Revolution influenced Western World to change, infecting working class to revolt global ly against imperialism, the crisis of colonialism had started. Russian Revolution of October 1917 was the child of the antagonism of classes in contradictory imperialism. It started in poorly ruled environment of Tsarism, prepared by previous revolutions of 1905-6 (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.30). â€Å"So ready was Russia for social revolution that masses treated the fall of Tsar as a proclamation of universal freedom, equality and direct democracy. The uncontrolled masses transformed into Bolshevik power† (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.36). Many political parties had arose, however, not many of them knew how to rule the huge country. As country mainly was agrarian with more than eighty per-cent of peasants, who were hungry, landless and tired of the endless wars, Bolsheviks who represente... ...cial governmental expenses increase, pension provision and illness insurance are present in today’s life and seem so obvious and obligatory mostly were influenced by the tensions of the working class in Europe and especially Russia in the XX century. In Russian revolution, communism appeared as â€Å"the constructed of a better alternative to capitalist society†, ironically in gave the roots to the socio-capitalistic structure of XXI century, which combines both ideologies of capitalism and socialism under one wing. History of the XX century cannot be understood without looking at Russian Revolution, whose influence brought important effects on present rights and freedoms of every individual in the social structure of today’s society (Hobsbawm, 1995, p.84). Reference Hobsbawm, E. (1995). Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991. Abacus, 1995.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Explain how the actor viola should show her reactions and give reasons for your suggestions

Viola is one of the main characters in Shakespeare's play the ‘Twelfth Night'. She is dressed as Cesario a man, so you can see how hard it must be for her to show her emotions and reactions. In the play she falls in love with the Duke Orsino but finds it very hard to show her feelings for him because she is dressed as a man. I am using act 2 scene 4 and act 3 scene 1, where she is talking to the Duke in act 2 scene 4, and to the clown Feste in act 3 scene 1. These are very emotional scenes where Viola shows and mentions her feelings, thoughts, reactions and movement. In these scenes Viola has many feelings. She feels mostly for Orsino because she is in love him. At the end of the scene where she is speaking with Orsino she talks about her fathers daughter that loved a man. Orsino gets interested because he is in love with Olivia but Olivia does not love him. Orsino wants to know what happened to the daughter because he is in despair. Viola feels for him and can offer him no comfort. Her words display how helpless she feels. â€Å"I am the daughters of my father's house, and all the brothers too-and yet I know not†. Earlier on in the scene Viola feels jealous about Orsino because she feels that he might fall in love with another woman and that he will love that woman as much as he loves Olivia then Viola would never get a chance with him. â€Å"Say that some lady, as perhaps there is, hath for your love as great a pang of heart as you have for Olivia†. Viola's thoughts are like her feelings but not mentioned. She finds it very difficult because she is dressed as man and does not want to give her identity away. When she is talking with Feste the clown, he is acting silly and plays around with words. She says that she is sick for a beard but she turns aside and gives a hint that she is a woman. She says that she would not have it grow on her chin, because she is a lady. â€Å"I am almost sick for one; (aside) though I would not have it grow on my chin. Is thy lady within?† When she is talking with the clown she thinks that he cares for nothing because he plays around with words and she is quite angry with him. Viola is saying her thoughts out to the clown because she does not like him. â€Å"I warrant thou art a merry fellow and carest for nothing†. Viola reacts to some things that the Duke says. She loves the Duke so she reacts to him in a kind way as not to make him angry or hurt his feelings. In act 2 scene 4 Viola says to the Duke that Olivia cannot love him but the Duke acts stubborn and says that he cannot be so answered. Viola reacts and tells him to calm down but she means not to be hurtful because she loves him. She tries to relax him and tells him to calm down. â€Å"Sooth, but you must†. There is very little of Viola's movement. I would say that Viola moved around with Feste the clown because the clown was getting on her nerves. It was in act 3 scene 1 where near the end of the conversation with Feste Viola gives Feste a coin. She moves a round a lot to get away from him because he is pestering her and she wants to get away. She gives the coin to Feste so he can go away. â€Å"I'll no more with thee. Hold, there's expenses for thee†. I think that Shakespeare's language is very difficult to understand. There are mixed emotions in the play because Viola is dressed as a man but some of it was quite obvious to understand. Overall I thought the way Shakespeare set this play out was very well and I thought the scenes were well organised.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Cell Phone Ban

Cell Phone Ban Cell Phone Ban The main purpose of road-traffic safety is to reduce harm (property damage, injuries, and death) resulting from vehicle crashes on public roads. Annually, the harm that results from road crashes is greater than that caused by other means of transport, for instance, sea, off-terrain, space, and air. A recent news report indicated that, for every four crashes, a driver using a cell phone causes one. Drivers who use hands-free devices and cell phones are distracted by the conversation. Paul Tetlocks report revealed that driving while using cell phones has caused almost 10,000 deaths in 2011 (Hahn, 1999). The fatalities have been estimated to be 100. In the light of crash fatalities, a ban should be imposed on drivers who text, use hand-held devices, and cell phones while driving. A drive around any town will reveal that cell phone usage threatens the lives of other motorists and pedestrians. In addition to that, people engage in several activities as they drive. Some acts are performed because of convenience calls. Drivers will always want to engage in small risks, in the context of productivity. Tuning the car audio, taking care of sibling wars in the backseat and sipping a cup of coffee are some of the distractions that may cause fatal crashes. A cost-benefit analysis of crash fatalities can be quantified in two approaches. The first model uses the loss in capital or human productivity. This model caters for all the direct losses that are associated with personal injury or fatality. For instance, in 2001, Niki Taylor, a supermodel and mother of twins had a fatal accident because the driver used a cell phone while driving. In this incident, Niki stands to lose her livelihood because she was critically injured. The second model involves the Willingness To Pay (WTP) model. The WTP model involves the estimation of the direct and indirect expenses incurred by the persons involved in accidents as well as those in the larger community. This model caters for the property and capital that people loose during accidents, as well as losses that other motorists incur. In the recent past, several states in America and other nations across the world have imposed bans on drivers who use their cell phones. In the context of this issue, some mobile phone companies have resulted to the introduction and aggressive marketing of hands-free devices. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that the drivers who talk while driving are four times likely to cause an accident (Tom and Ray, n.d). However, if a driver uses hands-free device, the chances of crashing is three times. Most legislators have argued that, the introduction and marketing of hands-free devices does not help in the reduction of accidents. A distraction is a distraction no matter the source and it drags someone from concentrating on driving. In conclusion, any proposed laws on human safety should focus on banning all forms of distractions while driving. The legislation should aim at eliminating any behavior that distracts drivers. Recent and future developments in the motor-vehicle industry should be thoroughly scrutinized. Motor vehicle engineers and designers want to make cars with more distractive devices than cell phones. They want to install computers that send and receive e-mails, stock quotes, and call. Although people feel that they should not be controlled on what they do in their cars, there is a need to evaluate convenience versus safety. The Government should take measures on the motor vehicle industry and push for legislation that will make guarantee road safety (Tom and Ray, n.d). If people overlook their selfish interest of inconvenience, then they may start to support laws that safeguard lives and property.