Comparing the Dominant and Feminist Readings of Shakespeares King Lear

Comparing the Dominant and Feminist Readings of King Lear Shakespeares King Lear has been the source of much animosity as to the way in which the text can be read. The play originally was written for the Jacobean audience of Shakespeares time, but since then has taken on many other reads. These new readings are produced to comment on issues in the society in which it is explored. Readings encompass a wide range of ideas - from the Dominant reading, the way in which Shakespeares audience would have perceived the text, to libber ideals. The various readings are influenced by the context in which they are discussed. In particular the dominant and feminist readings of King Lear both perceive the text in different contexts the dominant following the traditional Jacobean interpretation as it was originally written, and the feminist reading pursuing a need for the lack of a patriarchal society in the twentieth century. King Lear can be read in a variety of ways, achieving a set perspective that suits the reader. The Jacobean reading of King Lear focuses the blame for topsy-turvydom and the subsequent tragedies on Lears foolish decision to divide his earth between his three daughters. Though the play is set in pre-Christian times, Shakespeares audience was greatly influenced by Elizabethan structure and hierarchy. According to the Great Chain of Being, divinity fudge was the head of the universe, and the King was established as Gods connection to people. Lears choice of abdication would have been viewed as blasphemy towards God. The audience would now perceive Lears tragedy as inevitable due to his decisions. The play King Lear can be viewed as an expression of the Jacobean period concept of so... ... focuses on Lears downfall and the pity we belief for Lear. The feminist reading of King Lear focuses on how the portrayal of women in the play is of a negative aspect and displays women as unfit for any role of leadership, else chaos ensues. The film A Thousand Miles shows how King Lear can be interpreted as a feminist reading in a contemporary setting, bring out the text King Lear in an entirely new light - women portrayed as the victims of men. King Lear can indeed be read in a variety of ways. Works Cited Frey, C. Experiencing Shakespeare. Columbia University of Missouri Press, 1988. Granville-Barker, H. Prefaces to Shakespeare. London B.T. Batsford INC, 1984. Halio, J. The Tragedy of King Lear. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1992. Thompson, A. King Lear Criticism. NJ Humanities Press International, 1988.

Guilty Betrayal in Arthur Koestlers Darkness at Noon Essay -- Europea

Guilty Betrayal in Arthur Koestlers Darkness at noonArthur Koestlers Darkness at Noon depicts the fallacious logic of a totalitarian regime through the experiences of Nicolas Salmanovitch Rubashov. Rubashov had fought in the revolution and was once part of the Central commission of the Party, but he is arrested on charges of instigating attempted assassinations of No. 1, and for taking part in oppositional, counter-revolutionary activities, and is sent to a Soviet prison. Rubashov, in his idle pacing passim his cell, recollects his past with the Party. He begins to feel impulses of crime, most especially in those moments he was required to expel devoted revolutionaries from the Party, sending them to their death. These subconscious feelings of guilt are frequently represented physically in the form of toothache or through day- or night-dreams. As his thought progresses with the novel, he begins to recognize his guilt, which emerges alongside his individuality. It remains i n his subconscious, and it is not until Rubashov absolves himself through silent resignation at his human race trial that he is fully conscious of guilt. By joining the Party, Rubashov allows himself to forget the questions of human character and of his individuality. The nature of his guilt lies in this betrayal of his individuality.Early in the novel, Rubashov experiences a chronic toothache that he later associates with recollections of past events or people for which he now feels guilty, although he did not feel so at the time. The toothache appears upon recollection of Richards and Little Loewys expulsion from the Party, and of Rubashovs inaction towards the expulsion and execution of Arlova. It occurs on the even up eye-tooth which is... ...duality and still be a devoted Party member.Rubashov is guilty for the expulsion of many innocent Party members, but ultimately for the sacrifice of the knowledge of his identicalness for the Party system. Upon his arrest, he has f elt his subconscious attempt to reach him through toothache and shivers. These physical manifestations of his guilt allow him to become fully conscious of his guilt and, consequently, the fallibility of the Partys beliefs and methods. Rubashov is also subconsciously aware that he must pay for his guilt. There is no method for redemption, save for dying in silence. Rubashovs resignation to silence during his public trial is his expression of individuality, his complete divergence from Party principle in the suppression of the individual.Works CitedKoestler, Arthur. Darkness at Noon . New York New American Library, 1948.

Planning Your Proxy Server Implementation Essay -- Internet Software C

Planning Your placeholder Server ImplementationA key factor in determining the success of any innovation is supplying. Planning involves several(prenominal) phases-from understanding your current capabilities, to determining your current removes, anticipating your future needs, and, ultimately, finding a viable solution. We have all been in situations where the immediate need surpassed the need for planning and the instalment was rushed. More often than not, the installation had to be repeated to correct problems. Microsoft stresses successful planning techniques, both to calm the initial installation and as a preventative troubleshooting task.The Site Analysis ProcessA key consideration of planning future electronic network capacity is determining what services, users, and selective information will be present on the network. Take the time to complete a thorough site analysis. A bit of formal analysis nowadays will ease the process of upgrading and configuring the system la ter. Dont succumb to the easy way out. Planning can be a long and arduous task that is everywherelooked far as well as often, but one that pays off ultimately. net Capacity AnalysisThe capacity of a network is that networks talent to support the amount of data transmitted over it. A network that can support the activity of your organization today may not be able to support the change magnitude activity take aim when Internet ingress is offered via Proxy Server. You need to carefully consider the performance ramifications of adding new information services to an already overtaxed network.Although Proxy Servers ability to cache resources saves on performance over the Internet communication link, it does not decrease the amount of data ultimately transferred to the client. Even if 100 percent of communicate data is stored in the proxy servers cache, it will still be sent across your local network to the client computer, increasing network traffic significantly.The outgrowth st ep in network capacity analysis is to define a baseline profile of the performance levels of your current network by using surgery Monitor and Network Monitor. This involves sampling various aspects of your network over several days. Examine these readings to decipher what is normal and abnormal about how your network performs. This includes pinpointing which areas of your network image the heaviest load, which users or applications exploit the most traffic, ... ...oft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server equalise the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 133 or faster 2GB of storage space for caching 32MB of RAM, or to a greater extentModerate-Volume NetworkA moderate-volume network is typically a network in a mid-size company with under 1,000 computers. Moderate volume networks can obtain decorous Internet approach path using two or more(prenominal) proxy servers arranged in an array or chain connected to bigeminal ISDN lines or a aliquot T1. Microsof t recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 166 or faster 2 to 4GB of storage space for caching 64MB of RAM, or moreHigh-VolumeA high-volume network is typically a network in an enterprise corporation with thousands of computers. High volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using multiple proxy servers in a combined array and chain combination connected to a T1 line or greater. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 200, Pentium Pro 166 or faster 8 to 16GB of storage space for caching 128 to 256MB of RAM, or more Planning Your Proxy Server Implementation test -- Internet Software CPlanning Your Proxy Server ImplementationA key factor in determining the success of any installation is planning. Planning involves several phases-from understanding your current capabilities, to determining your current needs, anticipating yo ur future needs, and, ultimately, finding a viable solution. We have all been in situations where the immediate need surpassed the need for planning and the installation was rushed. More often than not, the installation had to be repeated to correct problems. Microsoft stresses successful planning techniques, both to ease the initial installation and as a preventative troubleshooting task.The Site Analysis ProcessA key consideration of planning future network capacity is determining what services, users, and data will be present on the network. Take the time to complete a thorough site analysis. A bit of formal analysis now will ease the process of upgrading and configuring the system later. Dont succumb to the easy way out. Planning can be a long and arduous task that is overlook far too often, but one that pays off ultimately. Network Capacity AnalysisThe capacity of a network is that networks ability to support the amount of data transmitted over it. A network that can support t he activity of your organization today may not be able to support the increased activity level when Internet access is offered via Proxy Server. You need to carefully consider the performance ramifications of adding new information services to an already overtaxed network.Although Proxy Servers ability to cache resources saves on performance over the Internet communication link, it does not decrease the amount of data ultimately transferred to the client. Even if 100 percent of requested data is stored in the proxy servers cache, it will still be sent across your local network to the client computer, increasing network traffic significantly.The first step in network capacity analysis is to define a baseline profile of the performance levels of your current network by using Performance Monitor and Network Monitor. This involves sampling various aspects of your network over several days. Examine these readings to decipher what is normal and abnormal about how your network performs. Th is includes pinpointing which areas of your network experience the heaviest load, which users or applications cause the most traffic, ... ...oft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 133 or faster 2GB of storage space for caching 32MB of RAM, or moreModerate-Volume NetworkA moderate-volume network is typically a network in a mid-size company with under 1,000 computers. Moderate volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using two or more proxy servers arranged in an array or chain connected to multiple ISDN lines or a fractional T1. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 166 or faster 2 to 4GB of storage space for caching 64MB of RAM, or moreHigh-VolumeA high-volume network is typically a network in an enterprise corporation with thousands of computers. High volume networks can obtain adequate Internet access using multiple proxy serv ers in a combined array and chain combination connected to a T1 line or greater. Microsoft recommends that the computer hosting Proxy Server meet the following minimum requirements Intel Pentium 200, Pentium Pro 166 or faster 8 to 16GB of storage space for caching 128 to 256MB of RAM, or more

Dinner is Served :: Technology Food Papers

Dinner is Served I ran into the kitchen to perform some hold minute preparations for the iniquitys joyous festivities. I could smell the inviting aroma of the freshly smoked salmon which I had smothered in a light cabernet sauce and pass with dill to complete the presentation. I must admit that I was quite nervous in regards to the night that lay ahead. I quickly set the tabularize because dinner party was to be served in fifteen minutes. I could see the look of anxiety on my face through the reflection of the recently polished plate and stemware. I decided that Ben and Bill would sit across the table from Tim and myself. I knew I was taking a chance inviting the three of them back to my home considering what had happened the last time, but I was in the mood to engage myself into some stimulating conversation. The doorbell rang as I was pouring the last of the Pinot Grigio and my nervousness quickly ceased the issue that I opened the door. I said a little prayer that the night would go smoothly and proceeded to twist the doorknob, opening myself to the world of luddites and fetishists. Bill Henderson was the prototypal to arrive. He walked into my house with his head held high and placed his cane next to his seat. Bill was in his late 60s and was sure to add his own spice into the dinner party. I asked to take his knee length, brown suede jacket but he looked at me and mumbled, I think that I can do it myself. You do realize that I can sufficiently run my life without an absurd amount of help that others seem to need. Im sorry. I said. I just thought it qualification be easier for me to take it.That seems to be the only thing that concerns you people these days Why must everything be so easy? I actually extol taking my coat and putting it behind my chair like the good old days. His breath permeated the smell of aged whiskey throughout the dining room. I led him to his predetermined seat and pushed start on the CD Player. He reache d for his glass of wine as Beethovens String Quartet in C sharp minor gently entered the room.

The Odyssey - Comparing The Ro :: essays research papers

Odyssey vs. Rustling RhapsodyComparison of the Role of Women A woman is very unpredictable. She is romantic, delicate and caring however, underneath she is convoluted, deceptive and dangerous.-Erin Perrizn (1963 -)One would automatically assume that the female character in a heroic story takes the preconceived role of an objective at the disposal of the male protagonist. The female character in a heroic story holds the stereotype that she is obtuse, and will repeatedly flock to the most big(p) man. Rustlers Rhapsody is a sardonic parody of the western film stereotypes the women play very small roles other than Rex OHerolans personal cheerleaders. However, in the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer gave souls and personalities to his female characters. Women be not in the story just to please Odysseus they are important and independent characters that help him on his heroic journey. The women in The Odyssey are essential in Homers poem they not only act as a voice of reason and care, bu t are the deceptive and deceiving characters that add an intangible mystery.In Rustlers Rhapsody, throw Tracy and the C.B.s daughter are the only female characters. They both portray the stereotype of incipit debutantes who are instantly attracted to the handsome hero. The C.B.s daughter is an inept character who gets dragged across the give up by her horse Wildfire, only to be saved by Rex O Herolan. In that particular scene, she attempts to seduce Rex by flirting and engaging in small clack about a blanket. throw away Tracy, the town prostitute, is even more direct than the C.B.s daughter. She comes in her underwear trying to persuade Rex to sleep with her. Although this may seem similar some characters in The Odyssey, Miss Tracy has no other role in the plot other than to sleep with Rex. The two women did not shed a overstretch when Rex said good-bye they had almost no feeling at all. The two werent jealous of one another it seems strange that two girls could share one hero . Miss Tracy and the C.B.s daughter both have identical shallow character. Personality is a characteristic missing from to their female stereotype they are merely used as the Rexs trophies after defeating Bob. Other than that, the two women had no role in the story.On the other hand, Homer uses the female character to provide reason and care for the protagonist, Odysseus. notwithstanding the number of unimportant female characters, Penelope, Circe, Calypso, and Pallas Athene all have unique personalities that are essential to the development of Odyesseus and Telemachus.

The Odyssey - Comparing The Ro :: essays research papers

Odyssey vs. Rustling RhapsodyComparison of the Role of Women A woman is very unpredictable. She is romantic, gauzy and caring however, underneath she is convoluted, deceptive and dangerous.-Erin Perrizn (1963 -)One would automatically assume that the female character in a heroic story takes the preconceived role of an physical object at the disposal of the male protagonist. The female character in a heroic story holds the stereotype that she is obtuse, and will repeatedly flock to the most large-minded man. Rustlers Rhapsody is a sardonic parody of the western film stereotypes the women play very small roles other than Rex OHerolans personal cheerleaders. However, in the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer gave souls and personalities to his female characters. Women argon not in the story just to please Odysseus they are important and independent characters that help him on his heroic journey. The women in The Odyssey are essential in Homers poem they not only act as a voice of reason and care, but are the deceptive and deceiving characters that add an intangible mystery.In Rustlers Rhapsody, leave off Tracy and the C.B.s daughter are the only female characters. They both portray the stereotype of incipit debutantes who are instantly attracted to the handsome hero. The C.B.s daughter is an inept character who gets dragged across the cease by her horse Wildfire, only to be saved by Rex O Herolan. In that particular scene, she attempts to seduce Rex by flirting and engaging in small express about a blanket. expend Tracy, the town prostitute, is even more direct than the C.B.s daughter. She comes in her underwear trying to persuade Rex to sleep with her. Although this may seem ilk some characters in The Odyssey, Miss Tracy has no other role in the plot other than to sleep with Rex. The two women did not shed a plume when Rex said good-bye they had almost no feeling at all. The two werent jealous of one another it seems strange that two girls could share one he ro. Miss Tracy and the C.B.s daughter both have identical shallow character. Personality is a characteristic missing from to their female stereotype they are merely used as the Rexs trophies after defeating Bob. Other than that, the two women had no role in the story.On the other hand, Homer uses the female character to provide reason and care for the protagonist, Odysseus. notwithstanding the number of unimportant female characters, Penelope, Circe, Calypso, and Pallas Athene all have unique personalities that are essential to the development of Odyesseus and Telemachus.

Education reality Essay

Dealism Idealism is the metaphysical and epistemological doctrine that ideas or thoughts make up fundamental reality. Essen? ally, it is any philosophy which argues that the only(prenominal) thing actually knowable is consciousness (or the contents of consciousness), whereas we never can be sure that ma? er or anything in the outside cosmos really exists. Thus, the only real things argon mental en es, not physical things (which exist only in the sense that they are perceived) Progressivism Progressivist believes that individuality, progress, and change are fundamental to ones educa? on.Believing that people learn best from what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivist centers their curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abili? es of students. Progressivist teachers try making indoctrinate interes? ng and useful by planning lessons that provoke curiosity. In a progressivist school, students are ac? vely learning. The students interact with one another a nd develop social quali? es such as coopera? on and tolerance for di&erent points of view.Essen? alism It is an educa? onal philosophy whose adherents believe that children should learn thetradi? onal basic subjects thoroughly and rigorously. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to ins? ll students with the essen? als of faculty member knowledge, enac? ng a back-to-basics onrush. Essen? alism ensures that the accumulated wisdom of our civiliza? on as taught in the tradi? onal academic disciplines is passed on from teacher to student. Such disciplines might include Reading, Wri? ng, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Mathema? cs, Science, Art, and Music. Moreover, this tradi? onal approach is meant to train the mind, promote reasoning, andensure a common culture.Realism Realism, at its simplest and most general, is the view that en es of a certain type convey an objec? ve reality, a reality that is completely ontologically independent of our conceptual schemes, linguis? c prac? ces, beliefs, etc. Thus, en es (including abstract concepts and universals as well as more concrete objects) have an existence independent of the act of percep? on, and independent of their names.Reconstruc? onism Social Reconstruc? onism is a philosophy that emphasizes the addressing of social ques? ons anda quest to create a be? er society and worldwide democracy. Reconstruc? onist educators focus on a curriculum that highlights social reform as the aim of educa? on.Existen? alism It is based on the view that humans de3ne their throw meaning in life, and try to make ra? onal decisions despite exis? ng in an irra? onal universe. It focuses on the ques? on of human existence, and the feeling that there is no mean or explana? on at the core of existence. It holds that, as there is no God or any other transcendent force, the only way to envision thisnothingness (and hence to 3nd meaning in life) is by embracing existence.Pragma? sm Pragma? sm is a rejec? on of the idea that the func? on of thought is to describe, represent, or reverberate reality. Instead, pragma? sts consider thought to be a product of the interac? on between organism and environment. Thus, the func? on of thought is as an instrument or tool for predic? on, ac? on, and problem solving.Pragma? sts contend that most philosophical topics such as the nature of knowledge, language, concepts, meaning, belief, and scienceare all best viewed in terms of their prac?cal uses and successes rather than in terms of representa? ve accuracy Perennialism Believe that one should teach the things that one deems to be of everlas? ng per? nence to all people everywhere.They believe that the most important topics develop a person. Since details of fact change constantly, these cannot be the most important. Therefore, one should teach principles, not facts. Since people are human, one should teach 3rst about humans, not machines or techniques. Since people are people 3rst, and workers second if at all, one should teach liberal topics 3rst, not voca? onal topics.

The Challenge Of Defining Media And Technology In Teaching

Media has many definitions runing from a peculiar signifier of communicating as in print versus picture to the industry that provides word of honor and amusement as in the media. For the intents of this Literature Review media is defined as every(prenominal) agencies of communicating, whatever its format ( Reid, 1994, p. 51 ) . In this sense, media include symbol system of ruless every bit divers(prenominal) as print, art adds, life, sound, and gesture images.Similarly, engineering has many definitions runing from the application of the scientific method to work out jobs as in the engineering of infinite geographic expedition to the things or surgical operations which embody cognition or trade within a civilization as in the engineering of composing . Within this register, engineering is defined as any object or procedure of human beginning that can be used to convey media. In this sense, engineering includes phenomena every bit diverse as books, movies, boob tube, and the Internet.With regard to instruction, media atomic number 18 the symbol systems that instructors and pupils use to contribute for cognition engineerings atomic number 18 the instruments that allow them to portion their cognition re instaurations with otherwises.The confounding of media ( a symbol system ) with engineering ( a bringing system for media ) is improbable to travel off in popular discourse about instruction any clip shortly, and the specialty between media and engineering must be clarified every bit unequivocally as possible if their repair is to be understood. The undermentioned deferred payment mark from the Sixth Edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research ( Alkin, 1992 ) clarifies this differentiationComputer-based engineerings can non be regarded as media, because the assortment of plans, tools, and devices that can be used with them is incomplete limited to a peculiar symbol system, nor to a peculiar category of activities In th is visible radiation, the computing machine is in fact a three-lobed innovation of many utilizations, a symbolic tool for doing, look foring, and believing in assorted spheres. It is used to stand for and pull strings symbol systems linguistic communication, mathematics, medication and to desex symbolic merchandises verse forms, mathematical cogent evidence, composings. ( Salomon, 1992, p. 892 )Salomon s ( 1992 ) of import differentiations between media as symbol systems and engineerings as tools or vehicles for sharing media will be used throughout this paperResearch shows that pupils learn much when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would incite to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be need to guarantee that this is a success though. company College ledger Oct/Nov 2008Before confinement undertakings, pedagogues should 1 ) feel comfy utilizing engineering to learn, 2 ) understand the significance of civilization and the most effectual and appropriate ways to canvass it, and 3 ) employ didactically sound schemes for steering pupils in project-based acquisition experiences and easing coaction with instructors and pupils in international schoolrooms done through the whole procedure of making an on-line coaction. On-line instruction can ease, instructors can brainstorm collaborate portion success narratives and job solve and exchange thoughts and engage in Teacher Mentoring.Teacher mentoring is realized through the development of a personal relationship between new instructors and other professionals to add assess to instruction. In our Caribbean lodge we may happen that this is non frequently possible so instructors normally wear to come up with originative solutions toward learning pupils and promoting larning while similarly taking on the other dutie s that go along with the learning profession.The traditional schoolroom is expected to include a Television, DVD, a camera and a projector. A touch concealment interfaces that individuals could utilize a touch screen so that they are able synergistic show of information and synergistic whiteboards to utilize in the schools. Even travelling online can increase a individual s use of synergistic online larning environment.Maddux ( 1998 ) says that the ground that engineering has been unsuccessful in the schoolroom is that a ) it is caused by a deficiency of fund B ) those changed by attitudinal alterations.Research shows that pupils learn more than when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would assist to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be needed to guarantee that this is a success though. Comm unity College Journal Oct/Nov 2008MANAGING Student Academic Work can besides help in the controlling of inappropriate behavior.Most inappropriate behaviour in schoolrooms that is non earnestly profuse and can be managed by relatively simpleton processs that prevent escalation. Effective schoolroom directors pattern accomplishments that minimize misbehavior and the pattern and role of engineering in the schoolroom can do this a world. When pupils attending are engaged it makes it less likely for them to desire to be involved in other unproductive activities. It at present makes it easier for the instructor to airt the pupil to what the remainder of the category should be making ( This could besides hold the consequence of being a distraction from the common chalk/whiteboard and speak methods that are traditional in the execution of learning in the schoolroom ) More serious, riotous behaviours such(prenominal) as combat, uninterrupted step down of lessons, ownership of drugs and stealing require direct action harmonizing to school board regulation.Basic rules of schoolroom clip direction allows us to acknowledge that allowing pupils waste over lets them take the enterprise to be antiphonal to the schoolroom moral force in group activitiesThe instructor nevertheless must ever be the usher assisting the pupils to work through whatever jobs that that your estimation is low.In schoolrooms, the most prevailing positive effects are intrinsic pupil satisfaction ensuing from success, achievement, good classs, societal favourable reception and acknowledgment. This is why societal networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter are every bit of import as they contri thoe widely to the whole construct of societal acknowledgment.While congratulations used efficaciously can increase a pupil s assurance and therefore their public presentation it must be expressed in a genuineness, and must be hone in on a specific grapheme of a kid. engineering science help s the kid to detect the quality that they may hold determined to be missingTechnology in our busy mundane lives help us to salvage clip. Can you conceive of a life without microwaves and autos. unmatched in which we have to walk mundane to travel to our assorted finishs? This may look merely the impossible.While many may look to be against the usage of video recording and the computing machine as primary agencies to replacing learning in the schoolroom this may non ever be a negative. The following shows us some groundsDorr ( 1992 ) indicates that most kids in the USA position less than 30 proceedingss of send a hebdomad in school whereas their place tvs are on about seven hours per twenty-four hours Why is nt telecasting used more widely in instruction? The instructor converges the major component in make up ones minding what happens in the schoolroom, and every bit long as instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, consolidation plans into th e course of study, and associating telecasting programming to judgment activities, telecasting screening will go on to be comparatively rare in schoolrooms. It besides seems likely that the widespread public belief that telecasting has damaging effects on development, acquisition, and behaviour will go on to restrict telecasting desegregation within most schoolrooms beyond that of a comparatively modest auxiliary function.a? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head.a? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions any hyperactivity or passiveness in kids.a? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or cookery and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods.a? The research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlated with aggression in kids and striplings.a? Most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between alive instructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations.a? Television is non widely in schoolrooms because instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, integrating plans into the course of study, and associating telecasting programming to assessment activities.The findings refering the impact of computer-based direction ( CBI ) in instruction can be summed up asa? Computers as coachs have positive effects on larning as careful by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instructors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general.a? Students are able to finish a minded(p) set of educational aims in less clip w ith CBI than needed in more traditional attacks.a? Limited research and rating surveies indicate that structured larning systems ( ILS ) are effectual signifiers of CBI which are rather likely to play an even larger function in schoolrooms in the foreseeable hereafter.a? Intelligent tutoring system have non had important impact on mainstream instruction because of in effect(p) troubles incorporate in constructing pupil theoretical accounts and easing human-like communications.Overall, the differences that have been found between media and engineering as coachs and human instructors have been modest and inconsistent. It appears that the larger value of media and engineering as coachs remainders in their capacity to actuate pupils, addition equity of entree, and cut down the clip needed to carry through a given set of aims. erudition With Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Computer-based cog nitive tools have been deliberately adapted or developed to work as rational spouses to enable and ease critical thought and high order larning. Examples of cognitive tools include databases, spreadsheets, semantic webs, adept systems, communications case such as teleconferencing plans, online collaborative cognition building environments, multimedia/interactive multimedia system building package, and computing machine scheduling linguistic communications.In the cognitive tools attack, media and engineering are given straight to scholars to utilize for stand foring and showing what they know. Learners themselves function as interior decorators utilizing media and engineering as tools for analysing the universe, accessing and construing information, forming their personal cognition, and stand foring what they know to othersThe foundations for utilizing package as cognitive tools in instruction area? cognitive tools empower scholars to plan their ain representations of cognition ins tead than absorbing representations preconceived by others.a? cognitive tools can be used to back up the deep reflective thought that is necessary for meaningful acquisition.a? Cognitive tools enable aware, disputing larning instead than the effortless acquisition promised but seldom realized by other instructional inventions.a? Ideally, undertakings or jobs for the application of cognitive tools will be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars.a? Using multimedia building plans as cognitive tools engages many accomplishments in scholars such as undertaking direction accomplishments, research accomplishments, organisation and representation accomplishments, presentation accomplishments, and contemplation accomplishments. information From and Learning With Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .There are two major attacks to utilizing media and engineering in schools pupils can larn from media and engineering, and they can larn with media and engineering ( Jonassen & A Reeves, 1996 ) . Learning from media and engineering is frequently referred to in footings such as instructional telecasting, computer-based direction, or incorporate larning systems ( Hannafin, Hannafin, Hooper, Rieber, & A Kini, 1996 Seels, Berry, Fullerton, & A Horn, 1996 ) . Learning with engineering, less widespread than the from attack, is referred to in footings such as cognitive tools ( Jonassen & A Reeves, 1996 ) and constructivist acquisition environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) .Regardless of the attack, media and engineering have been introduced into schools because it is believed that they can hold positive effects on instruction and acquisition. The intent of this study is to sum up the grounds for the effectivity and impact of media and engineering in schools around the universe. ( A restriction of this study is that the huge bulk of the published research on the effectivity of media and engineering in schools was conducted in English-speaking states such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. ) Research surveies refering the impact of these different attacks will be presented in the following two subdivisions of this study. But first, it is necessary to clear up what is meant by the footings media and engineering within the context of instruction.regarded as incorrect medium is preferred. ( Berube, 1993, p. 846 )The greatness of Media and Technology in Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .One ground for the attending being paid to media and engineering in instruction reflects commercial or corporate involvements. Although printed stuff continues to be the preponderating medium format in schools ( Molenda, Russell, & A Smaldino, 1998, p. 3 ) , a new Presidential study in the USA recommends that at least five per centum of all public K-12 educational disbursement in the United States ( or about $ 13 billion yearly in changeless 1996 dollars ) should be earmarked for technology-related outgos . Still other ground for the focal point on media and instruction stems from crisp dissensions about the value of media and engineering in instruction. Enthusiastic indorsements of new media and engineerings in instruction are easy to happen in intelligence studies, political addresss, and other beginnings. Many of these announcements seem overly-optimistic if non inflated. See this quotation mark from Lewis Perelman s 1993 book titled tame s OutBecause of the permeant and powerful impact of HL ( hyperlearning ) engineering, we now are sing the disruptive coming of an economic and societal transmutation more profound than the industrial revolution. The same engineering that is transforming work offers new larning systems to work out the jobs it creates. In the aftermath of the HL revolution, the engineering called school and the societal introduction normally thought of as instruction will be as disused and finally nonextant as the dinosaurs. ( p. 50 )A typical illustration of this comes from the present Government of Trinidad and Tobago d want to give free laptops to SEA pupils in the center of September 2010.However, despite such rhetoric and other, more conservative, optimism expressed in the popular imperativeness and authorities paperss, there are besides many sceptics and a few vocal critics of media and engineering in instruction. A recent screen narrative of The Atlantic Monthly entitled The Computer Delusion illustrates a critical position of engineering in instruction, get downing with this hypothesis sentenceThere is no good grounds that most utilizations of computing machines significantly better instruction and acquisition, yet school territories are cutting plans music, art, corporal instruction that enrich kids s lives to do roo m for this doubtful panacea, and the Clinton Administration has embraced the end of computing machines in every schoolroom with credulous and dearly-won enthusiasm. ( Oppenheimer, 1997, p. 45 ) .One would believe that the plans such as the Arts and the music will be what the pupils will most likely want to acquire involved with as these countries are more synergistic.Another popular belief is that telecasting screening is damaging to the academic accomplishment of school-age kids and teens. While some surveies have reported a negative correlativity between the sum of telecasting screening and scholastic public presentation, such statistics are susceptible to misunderstandings because of step ining variables such as intelligence and socioeconomic position ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) .Undoubtedly, the most widespread belief about telecasting is that it fosters force and aggressive behaviours among kids and striplings ( Winn,Research ConsequencesThe most positive research intelligence ab out larning from telecasting can be found in the schoolroom where 40 old ages of research show positive effects on larning from telecasting plans that are explicitly produced and used for instructional intents ( Dorr, 1992 Seels et al. , 1996 ) . In add-on, most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between unrecorded instructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) .More significantly, there is strong grounds that telecasting is used most efficaciously when it is deliberately designed for instruction and when instructors are involved in its choice, use, and integrating into the course of study ( Johnson, 1987 ) .Historically, surveies of the large-scale executions of instructional telecasting have shown assortedFuture NeedsUnfortunately, there is a dearth of developmental research focused on how instructors might scoop usage telecasting in the schoolroom to heighten academic accomplishment. We know that mot ive is an of import factor in deriving the most from any educational experience, but we do nt cognize how instructors can efficaciously actuate pupils to go to to educational telecasting. We know that feedback refering the message received ( or non received ) from telecasting is of import, but we lack clear waies as to when and how instructors should supply that feedback. And even when recommendations for utilizing telecasting in the schoolroom do be ( Stone, 1997 ) , there is small grounds that these guidelines are built-in parts of the course of study in most teacher readying plans ( Waxman & A Bright, 1993 ) .Learning from Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The earliest signifiers of computer-based direction were to a great extent influenced by the behavioral psychological science of B.F. Skinner ( 1968 ) . These plans were basically automated signifiers of programmed direction. They presented info rmation to the pupil in little sections, required the pupil to do open responses to the information as stimulation, and provided feedback to the pupil along withdifferential ramification to other sections of direction or to drill-and-practice modus operandis. Although this basic behavioural theoretical account continues to rule mainstream educational applications of computing machines such as incorporate larning systems ( Bailey, 1992 ) , interactivity in some of today s most advanced applications, such as constructivist larning environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) , is based upon progresss in cognitive psychological science and constructivist doctrine method ( Coley et al. , 1997 ) ( see Section Three of this study ) .Research ConsequencesThe good intelligence is that even with a chiefly behavioural teaching method, computing machines as coachs have positive effects on larning as measured by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instruct ors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general ( Coley et al. , 1997 President s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, 1997 ) .Integrated Learning SystemsIntegrated larning systems ( ILS ) utilize computing machine webs to unite comprehensive educational courseware with centralised direction tools.. In a particular issue of Education Technology snip devoted to ILS, Bailey ( 1992 ) asked two primary inquiries Why do they ( ILS ) continue to rule the school engineering market? Are they every bit effectual as the sellers claim? ( p. 3 ) .Why are ILS so popular among pedagogues, at least those with the power to do buying determinations? Bailey ( 1993 ) and Becker ( 1992b ) depict some of the sensed advantages of incorporate larning systems that help to explicate why ILS dominate the school engineering market, Networking allows centralized direction by instructors and decision makers.The Effects of Learning with and of TechnologySalomon, Perkins, and Globerson ( 1991 ) make an of import differentiation between the effects of larning with and of engineeringFirst, we distinguish between two sorts of cognitive effects Effectss with engineering obtained during rational partnership with it, and the effects of it in footings of the movable cognitive residue that this partnership leaves behind in the signifier of better command of accomplishments and schemes. ( p. 2 )Easy Learning?Cognitive tools are learner-controlled, non teacher-controlled or technology-driven. For illustration, when pupils build databases, they are besides building their ain conceptualisation of the organisation of a sphere of cognition. Cognitive tools are non designed to cut down information processing, that is, do a undertaking easier, ( Perkins, 1993 ) .The nature and beginning of the undertaking or job is paramount in applications of cognitive tools. Past failures of tool attacks to utilizing computing machines in instruction can be attributed mostly to the delegating of the tools to traditional academic undertakings set by instructors or the course of study. Cognitive tools are intended to be used by pupils to stand for cognition and work out jobs while prosecuting probes that are relevant to their ain lives. These probes are ideally situated within a constructivist larning environment ( Duffy, Lowyck, & A Jonassen, 1993 ) . Cognitive tools wo nt be effectual when used to back up teacher-controlled undertakings entirely.Multimedia as a Cognitive ToolAnother facet that we would look at is the usage of of multimedia building package Programs. Multimedia is the integrating of more than one medium into some signifier of communicating or experience delivered via a computing machine. Most frequently, multimedia refers to the integrating of media such as text, sound, artworks, life, picture, imagination, and spacial mold into a computing machine system ( von Wodtke, 1993 ) . Using com paratively cheap desktop computing machines, users are now able to capture sounds and picture, manipulate sound and images to accomplish particular effects, synthesise sound and picture, create sophisticated artworks including life, and incorporate them all into a individual multimedia presentationMultimedia presentations are prosecuting because they are multimodal. In other words, multimedia can excite more than one sense at a clip, and in making so, may be more eye-catching and attention-holding.In the cognitive tools attack, multimedia is non a signifier of direction to larn from, but instead a tool for building and larning with. Learners may make their ain multimedia cognition representations that reflect their ain positions on or understanding of thoughts. Or scholars may join forces with other scholars to develop a schoolroom or school multimedia cognition base.Research ConsequencesIdeally, undertakings or jobs for the application of multimedia building package as a cognitive tool should be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars. Beichner ( 1994 ) studies on a undertaking where these conditions were met in a alone manner. The topics in thisCarver, Lehrer, Connell, and Ericksen ( 1992 ) list some of the major thought accomplishments that scholars learn and use as multimedia interior decoratorsProject Management Skillsa? Making a timeline for the design of the undertaking.a? Allocating resources and clip to different parts of the undertaking.a? Delegating functions to team members.Research Skillsa? Determining the nature of the job and how research should be organized.a? Presenting thoughtful inquiries about construction, theoretical accounts, instances, values, and functions.a? Searching for information utilizing text, electronic, and pictural information beginnings.a? Developing new information with interviews, questionnaires and other study methods.a? Analyzing and construing all the information col lected to place and construe forms.Organization and Representation Skillsa? deciding how to section and sequence information to do it apprehensible.a? Deciding how information will be represented ( text, images, films, sound, etc. ) .a? Deciding how the information will be organized ( hierarchy, sequence ) and how it will be linked. innovation Skillsa? Maping the design onto the presentation and implementing the thoughts in multimedia.a? Attracting and keeping the involvements of the intended audiences.Contemplation Skillsa? Measuring the plan and the procedure used to make it.a? Revising the design of the plan utilizing feedback.something from these communications. The instructional procedures built-in in the from attack to utilizing media and engineering in schools can be reduced to a series of simple stairss 1 ) exposing pupils to messages encoded in media and delivered by engineering, 2 ) presuming that pupils perceive and encode these messages, 3 ) necessitating a response to bespeak that messages have been received, and 4 ) supplying feedback as to the adequacy of the response.Television and the computing machine are the two primary engineerings used in the from attack. The findings refering the impact of telecasting in instruction can be summed up asa? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head.a? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions either hyperactivity or passiveness in kids.a? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or prep and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods.a? The preponderance of the research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlativeJournal of Research on Technology a nd EducationPractical Learning A Vital OpportunityBy Kate Shoesmith, Senior Manager for Policy & A Practice, City & A Guilds Centre for Skills DevelopmentEmbracing Technology in the Secondary School Curriculum The Status in Two Eastern Secondary Schools.Karleen A Mason The Journal of Negro Education wintertime 2007 Vol 76, No. 1 Academic Research Library pg. 5The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools A Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann Foundation Thomas C. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of gallium February 12, 1998Global Projects and Digital Tools that Make pupils Global scholars by Sheila Offman GershCultureQuest undertakings can be viewed at hypertext transfer protocol //culturequest.us/sample_projects.htm, hypertext transfer protocol //culturequest.us/teacherprojects.html, and hypertext transfer protocol //techshowcase.googlepages.comTeachers mentoring other instructors What to make and what to avoid when offering teacher supportby Christina Pomoni

Doctor in the House

Text Analysis Doctor in the House (Richard Gordon) 1. The informant of the story is Richard Gordon. It is the pen name employ by Gordon Ostlere (born Gordon Stanley Ostlere on 15 September 1921), an English surgeon and anesthetist. As Richard Gordon, Ostlere has written numerous novels, screenplays for film and television and accounts of popular history, mostly dealing with the workout of medicine. He is most famous for a long series of comic novels on a medical theme starting with Doctor in the House, and the attendant film, television, radio and stage adaptations.His The Alarming History of Medicine was published in 1993, and he followed this with The Alarming History of Sex. 2. The literary piece under consideration is fiction, prose fiction, niggling story. 3. Setting of the story. Geographical location England, London ( the events take place in St, Swithins hospital which is historic all toldy located in England, London) Time the late forties Social environment middle c lass, students. Atmosphere tense, mentally difficult. 4. Theme of the story examination period as a driving force for a psychological and emotional students tension. 5.Point of view the 1st person point of view (I walked down the stairs feeling as if I had just undone an eight-round campaign or I stood before table four. I didnt recognize the examiners. ) 6. The composition Character sketch 7. 1. Richard Gordon is the main character of the story. He plays the central design in the story so we may call him a protagonist. I consider him to be a flat (simple) character, because Richard has only several personal traits. The author characterizes Richard both directly and indirectly. He is a static, because Gordon remains the same doneout the story. Direct debutRichard Gordon was born in 1921. He has been an anesthetist at St. Bartholomews Hospital, a ships surgeon and an assistant editor of the British Medical Journal. He left medical practice in 1952 and started writing. Indire ct presentation * Hard-working student. Example Benskin discovered that Malcolm Maxworth was the St. Swithins representative on the examining Committee and thenceforward we attended all his ward rounds, standing at the front and gazing at him like waxy music enthusiasts at the solo violinist. * Intelligent. Example How would you treat a causal agency of tetanus? My heart leaped hopefully.This was smth I knew, as there had recently been a case at St. Swithins. I started off confidentially, reeling out the lines of treatment and feeling much better. Pass he murmured. * C beful, attentive, observant. Example There were six other candidates waiting to go in with me, who illustrated the types fairly commonly seen in viva waiting-rooms. There was the NonchalantNext to him a man of Frankly Worried classThere was the Crammer, the archaic Stager. The other occupant of the room was a womanBut the girl had given care to her preparations for the examinationI felt sure she would get through .About half-way through the anonymous examinees began to differentiate themselves. Some of them strode up for an extra answer book, with an awkward expression of self-consciousness and superiority on their faces. Others rose to their feet, handed in there papers and left * Impressionable. Example The old age after the viva were black ones. It was like having a severe accident. For the first few hours I was numbed, unable to view what had hit me. Then I began to wonder if I would ever make a recovery and win through. My palms were as wet as sponges.My pulse excavation in my ears. My face was burning hot and I felt my stomach had been suddenly plucked from mu body. The world stood still. The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralyzed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the cheer halted in the sky. 7. 2. The plot of the story. The composition of this text consists of the following components The exposition contains the general i nformation about students attitude to the final examinations and the way of preparation for this important event..Narration, when the author describes passport the examinations, written paper and viva, candidates excitement and suspense of the results. The tension reaches its highest degree when poor Gordon almost believes in his fail. And the climax, when the Author describes how the Secretary of the Committee calls out Gordons name, because in that moment we become interested in his results, does he pass or fail. The author deliberately postpones the denouement keeping the reader in pressing anticipation. It comes in the last paragraph, when he hears the magic word Pass. 7. 3.The type of speech. It is the narration ( I walked down the stairs feeling as if I had just finished an eight-round fight or I stood before table four. I didnt recognize the examiners. ) with elements of dialogue ( How did you get on? I asked. So-so he replied. However, Im not worried. They never read) an d a great number of descriptive passages (The examination began with the writing papers. A single invigilator sat in his enclothe and hood on a raised platform to keep an eye open for flagrant cheating. He was helped by two or three render porters or One minute to twelve.The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like unexploded bomb. A clock tingled). 7. Stylistic devices. * Similes To a medical student the final examinations are something like death I was shown to a tiny waiting-room furnished with hard chairs, a wooden table, and windows that wouldnt open, like the condemned cell. The days after the viva were black ones. It was like having a severe accident. The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like an unexploded bomb. they are a straight contest between himself and the examiners, conducted on well-established rules for both, and he goes at them like a prize-fighter Benskin discovered that Malcolm M axworth was the St. Swithins representative on the examining Committee and thenceforward we attended all his ward rounds, standing at the front and gazing at him like impressionable music enthusiasts at the solo violinist * Allusion Bibles judgment day * Hyperboles But the viva is judgment day. A false answer and the ods brow threatens like imminent thunderstorm. * Repetition of sound s - The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like an unexploded bomb. A clock tingled twelve in the distance. My palms were as wet as sponges. Someone coughed, and I expected the windows to rattle. With dumb scraping feet that could be heard before they appeared the Secretary and the porters came solemnly down the stairs. The elder porter raised his voice. * Parallels constructions The world stood still.The traffic stopped, the plants ceased growing, men were paralyzed, the clouds hung in the air, the winds dropped, the tides disappeared, the sun halted in t he sky. * Metaphor judgment day slink miserably out of the exit to seek the opiate oblivion * Exaggeration My palms were as wet as sponges The windows were actually My pulse shot in my ears The world stood still. 8. The main subject of the text is that the examination is nothing more than an investigation of mans knowledge. The idea the final examinations are reason for a great psychological pressure and a real challenge for the students.

Buss1001

3/11/2012 BUSS1001 Understanding Business Week 2 What is Business? Associate Professor Philip Seltsikas Associate Dean (Undergraduate) THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY crease schooling Preview of todays lecture What is Business? Narrow view More complex view Assessment 1 2 What is line of business? The specify view Any activity that seeks to provide goods and operate to others while operating at a profit (Nickels, McHugh and M H h 2010 p. G 14) d McHugh 2010, G-14). 3 1 http//images. google. com/imgres? q=henry+fayol&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=L07_nJsWisbAAM&imgrefurl=http//mariaavilla 4zKAcE9kM&w=131&h=173&ei=rrUvTvP0BJGmizar. logspot. com/2008/09/henry-fayol-vs-max-weber. html&docid=gigzs4 sAOJ9Lkd&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=287&vpy=150&dur=2276&hovh=138&h hovw=104&tx=81&ty=75&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=88& start=0&ndsp=35&ved=1t429,r1,s0&biw=1429&bih=723 Total returns on assets must exceed cost of capital required to finance assets http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Max_Weber http//en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/Scientific_ care Reinvestment Returns Reinvestment Returns Assets Debt Equity The Value Creation Equation A model of all businesses Assets 1841-1925 Henry Fayol Founder of Classical Management Theory 1856 1915 Frederick Taylor Developed scientific management 1864 1920 Max Weber Studied organizational bureaucracy Fayol, Weber, and Taylor All capital is a costly resource Debt Equity 3/11/2012 2 3/11/2012 What doesnt this model show us? WHAT? organizational building blocks Mission, Vision, Goal, Purpose Strategy Collection of assets Configuration of Assets into a structure (s) to enact business processes Management (decision making & control) using structure using policies & procedures using rewards & punishments DONT NORMALLY SEE DONT NORMALLY SEE Where did these companies bugger off from?WE SEE SOME OF THESE or ASPECTS OF THEM M 3 3/11/2012 Someone is at the controls Keeping it running and navigating the environment 10 What is a BUSINESS? Structure multiple me anings This is part of understanding Business Structure Organisational Structure will help us understand What is a Business? 11 Dimensions of organic lawal Structure Job specialization Departmentalization Span of control Chain of Command (c. f. hierarchy) Line functions and staff functions (front office/back office) Power and authority Divisionalization Centralization / decentralisation 4 3/11/2012 Organization ChartCEO CFO CIO COO Marketing Director IT Manager Sales Director Production Manager Marketing grouping A Marketing group B IT department Sales region A Sales region B Plant workers French & Raven 1959 5 bases of organizational power Coercive Power Reward Power http//www. carrollcoaching. com/coaching Legitimate Power Referent Power Expert Power Functional Organization Measures of Success? Profit Market Share KPIs (key performance indicators) 5 3/11/2012 Inside and Outside Perspectives Organisations are subject to external forces but may also influence the operation and effect of those same forces. Key aspects of the capacity of organisations to effectively shape their own destiny include the decisions that they make about k b t ? Strategy ? Structure and BUSS1001 Understanding Business ? Behaviour BUSS1002 The Business Environment Business key player in society Is a major change agent Has the potential to be a force for good g prosperity Drives growth and p p y ships company Impacts on business Is constantly changing and so, must business change Affects what businesses do and how they do it What is business? A broader perspective Transformation of inputs into outputs to produce goods and services that meet needs and wants in the society adapted from Wetherly and Otter 2011 For-profit businesses Private P i t sector t Types of business activity Public sector Non-profit organisations politics organisations 18 6 3/11/2012 Purpose of a For-profit business organisation Maximising returns on debt and equity This is achieved thr ough sustainable compe sorrel treeve titi advantage 19 Sustainable competitive advantage Outperforming your competitors in the long run How is this done? 20 Next week What? Why? Strategy 21

Comparing Gotma to Siddhartha Essay

Siddhartha and Govinda both begin their journeys searching after the same goal, to find themselves and attain paradise. They travel many of the same paths but each thinks differently in their situations. But while Siddhartha steadytu in ally reaches enlightenment, Govinda does non because he never learns to absorb what is around him and learn from life resembling Siddhartha does but mistakenly tries to find stay through other peoples lives.Even from the beginning you can see distinct differences in the mind set amongst Siddhartha and Gotma, one as a brain and one as a follower. Siddhartha had grown uneasy in his state as a Brahmans give-and-take. The riches of his lifestyle babied him too frequently and blocked him from the real universe of discourse. He wanted to go off on his own and attend and find himself. Siddhartha is a Scientific thinker, his brain is always lacking(p) and explanation and continues to ask questions and at this point his maturing mind is starting to doubt the Brahman and Hindu ways.The repetitious ways of the daily prayers and rituals seemed an unreal way to finding nirvana. Something that never multi furtheriousnesss cannot lead higher, it always stays at the same level. So when a group of samanas passes through town he joined their lead, wanting to experience their lives and to learn from them. Everyone was shocked at his decision Govinda knew not what to say, and Siddharthas father became enraged at first thought, but later admits something very important to Siddhartha.You entrust go to the forest and be a samana. If you find salvation in the forest, come and teach me salvation. If you find disappointment, then come back and let us once to a greater extent sacrifice to the gods together.His father has never reached the goal he has sought after his whole life, until now now as an old man, and he understands that Siddhartha must leave for himself. The next morning Siddhartha leaves early and finds his friend, Govinda, wai ting to go with him. This is the first true sign of Govindas misconception of how to find himself. Govinda only goes because his friend thinks it go out be good. He did not think over in his mind and decide if it was truly right for him.So they wandered and learned from the samanas. Siddhartha had learned self-denial and supposition but started to doubt if they were progressing anywhere in their search for salvation. The Samana teachings were nothing more than trickery, magic and self- control all of which can be taught. None of these qualities would lead even a step towards salvation because you atomic number 18 never learning something new it is purely a way to keep your mind occupied and content. He even comp bes drunkenness to the samana teachings. It is just another escape, a way to leave yourself and forget all lifes anguishs. Even their samsara leader had never attained nirvana so how would they ever get there either following him.Word comes of a great man, Gotma, who had reached nirvana. Surprising to Siddhartha, Govinda decides to seek out the illustrious one. Although Siddhartha has his doubts he is remarkable and travels with Govinda to listen to the Buddha. After hearing the teachings of the Buddha the simple and accepting Gotma immediately joins as his disciple. But Siddhartha comes to a realization here. He knows that the Buddha has reached nirvana but sees the difference between teaching and experience. The teachings of the Buddha were not for him, they were for the suffering, the weak, a comfort zone which numbs people from the harsh realities and allows them to live in a false contentment. Even the Buddha himself knows this he is just hard to help the masses that are not as clever as Siddhartha.Siddhartha now sees that experience is the only way to gain knowledge and goes out into the world to try it all.For many years of his life after he tries many new lives. From Kamala, a young courtesan, he learns about Physical love. He learns to rick a merchant and indulge in the pleasures of a wealthy life. He lived on many years like this and grows old and worn but finds it is all a false happiness. After everything he obtained he is still discontent. The women, clothes, wine all do nothing for the mind. He abandons it all and runs away into the forest and locomote asleep beside the river, wishing to die. Here he meets Govinda again for the first time since he had joined the Buddha. And Siddhartha saw that Govinda had not changed. Govinda was still blindly following in Buddhas steps, doing the rituals and living under his ways.Vasuedeva the ferryman is very important to developing Siddhartha. He never tries to teach Siddhartha but hints at where to look. Vasudeva says that it seems as though the river has spoken to him and suggests that he stay with him beside the water. It is through Vasudeva that he realizes the symbolism of the river to life. Life is always flowing, changing but always there and continuing on. Even la ter on when Siddhartha gains and loses his son he again sees the cycle of life in the river. In grief for his loss he cries into the river and catches a glimpse of his reflection.In it he sees himself, his father, and his young son. Siddhartha sees the pain that his father must feature felt when he left as a boy is the same as when his own son ran away. Although he well-tried otherwise, the same trials and pains he left behind are recurring again and again. He finally sees the true cycle of life. Siddhartha comes to realize that the whole world, everything, is one. We are born of our mothers, live our lives and eventually die, then decompose in the dirt. Trees grow up from the dirt and produce fruit, which is eaten by man and animals alike. The air we breathe is recycled and take a breath back in by plants. Everything is made of the same particles that have been around since the beginning of time. The world is constantly changing destroying, creating, and reforming every molecule into something new. So we are a part of that, apart of everything.Rebirth is made within yourself and what you choose to change. Siddhartha experienced many lifestyles all of which he learned from and his decisions to move forward and change was his renewal. And in the end he comes to see that you must let go of your self and your needs completely and love and appreciate everything because it is all one.Govinda appears once more when he asks the ferryman, now Siddhartha, to take him across the river. Once Govinda realizes it is Siddhartha he presses him to know too how to Nirvana. Siddhartha tries to explain that you cannot search for nirvana it must come to you. Nirvana is not one thing but everything you experience in life and if you are trying only to find nirvana everything around you will be missed and wisdom and understanding cannot be found. But even after Siddharthas speech Govinda did not understand, he still could not comprehend what Siddhartha was trying to convey.Nirva na cannot be reached only through writings and other teachings. These things can lead you down the path but it can bring you only so far because it is all feelings and discoveries that others have achieved through their own life. Writings can only convey part of the message because you cannot produce in words your experience and have another understand every aspect of the way you felt. That is how your mind dealt and reacted to that situation. Can you tell someone exactly how good jamoca almond fudge ice plectrum is? They can tell you how it tasted to them, but can they interpret the exact sense it will have on your tongue?Can you truly understand how oftentimes you would like it unless you have tasted some yourself? Some may think its too strong, some may not like almonds, some might like vanilla better, and everyone will have their own opinion and slight difference. Life is the same way. Govinda never reached his goal because his whole life he was searching in others lives. Firs t he followed Siddhartha with the Samanas then leaves the samanas by his own choice, only to follow another. And in the end he comes back to Siddhartha with one last desperate plea to try and understand. He never learned anything about himself because he was blinded by the belief that someone else could show him how. Everyone must decide for himself or herself what they do with their life, for following only leads you down another minds path away from your own awakening.

Marriage Under 18 Years Old

She may do nothing against Gods will, but many an(prenominal) things she must against her own will if her husband assume her. Population council said more(prenominal) than 51 million girls younger than 18 are already married in 2003. In the world teenagers are making a family when they are so young. God created and created family to feel happiness, rest and peace. Marriage was not men idea, only Gods idea. So God aspect To provide a helpful mate for Adam, it was not good that man should be al cardinal. Marriage is a very blessing by God to men. just many people dont worry about importance of marriage.May be just about of these couple will give up difficulties. But some people strongly agree that teenagers are able to marriage by their decisions. God always gave people choice about marriage. In the world teenagers became immoral. They draw and quarter much information which they dont need from TV, internet, friends and many things. People usually learn and practice that info rmation. Teens are usually not prepared for marriage, spiritually, mentally and physically. Maybe only handful can be. Before marriage especially man must be grown enough by his spiritual life-time more than physically.God created man to lead his family, not woman. So man must be responsible with everything. Some man became adult but he is baby by his spiritual life. This guy never can be good husband. Because the marriage is not only sex or playing a game. In other word teenagers are young and if they are not prepared for spiritual they will have so many difficulties. In true life many teenagers are not outgrown and irresponsible. So if they are married at time they must continuing school it would be barrier for them. thus early married is reason of problems will come one by one because of they couldnt get education. For instance The biggest problem is exactly going to character with financial problems. Especially in Mongolia, it is not easy to get good job with high salaries if they are not educated. Young couples one of the most important problem is children. One of ways for the young couples to overcome their financial difficulties is that they both have well jobs and that they participate in making the family budget. In case, at that time they have a child that would be hard for them.So mens obligation will grow. Women needs care more than before when they are being at gestation. If they are face with unwanted pregnancy, all of the young couples decide to do abortion or adopt their children. Reasons for split are formed because they didnt learn how to deal with different problems. Their tension problems get to divorce with bad results. For example Children orphan hood, couples hurt, wasting times, using drugs and alcohols etc. After that they will remarried with someone and divorce again.That will make them unhappy, unfaithful feelings and they begin to refuse themselves. Even though younger couples surely face with many problems, there are advantage s. For example When younger couples got adult age their children will be grown already. It makes them spend royalty times rest of their life. So they took already big experiences from life and passed away worries. Teen couples probably figure that because they feel like they are in love, they should take that extra step. In my opinion parents have to be responsible for their children when they are teenager.Because if children will make one mistake in the future result may be not a good. When I will be father if my son or daughter is ready to marriage I could agree him or she. But they have to be sure-enough(a) than twenty. Under eighteen years old means they are still in authority of their parents. They should imitate their parents about how they understand, support, love, care of each other. If they could learn from their parents they major power be well. Finally teenagers must to prepare for their future by their spiritual life, education, mental and physically.

Foxconn Suicides

Apple Inc. the designer and maker of electronic products found itself in the middle of a scandal that was formed within its organizational ecosystem (Daft, 2012, p. 71). first in January 2010 employees at Foxconn an electronics manufacturer in China began to take their own lives in an attempt to bring attention to the poor utilizationing conditions, overcrowding, and long work hours (Daft, 2012, p. 108). These events are an example of actions or events that can originate within the international dimension of the external environment (Daft, 2012, p. 7). This event not only challenges the global expectation of the management within Apple, it forced the management to decide how the company wanted the public to anticipate to view it (Daft, 2012, p. 106). How will Apples management merchandise with the unethical practices at Foxconn? Apples management will benefit by applying the normative strategy in solving this ethical dilemma. By applying, the normative strategy Apples manageme nt can begin the process of solving this ethical dilemma by asking themselves the following questions.Whats in it for me? What finis would lead to the greatest good for the greatest number? What rules, policies, or social norms apply? What are my obligations to others? What will be the long-term impact for myself and important stakeholders (Daft, 2012, p. 147)? In addition to the normative strategy, Apples managers can use a technique called stakeholder mapping, which would consider everyones needs, expectations, and importance (Daft, 2012, p. 151).Next, add in the model for evaluating Foxconns social performance by use of the following criterias economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary, and finally the use of Apples written code of ethics will crock up Apples managers a starting point in which to evaluate and determine which course of action they will take to solve this ethical stopping point caused at Foxconn (Daft, 2012). Apples ethics problem with their contract manufactu rer Foxconn forced the management into a non-programmed decision (Daft, 2012, p. 71). There are three types of decision models that Apple had at their disposal, the three models are classical, administrative, and political. The political model is used to make non-programmed decisions (Daft, 2012, p. 279).This decision model still required the Apples management team to use the six steps in managerial decision making which are recognition decision requirement, diagnosis and analysis of the causes, development of alternatives, cream of desired alternatives, and mplementation of chosen the alternative (Daft, 2012, p. 282). The outcomes from these decision models and tools resulted in a supplier code of conduct. This document details the expectations that Apple expects from their suppliers. Within this document list running(a) conditions, safety concerns, and labor issues (Duhigg Barboza 2012). Foxconn improved running(a) conditions, installed suicide nets, placed latches on the wind ows, and added jump prevention wire (Fallows, 2012).In addition to these life-saving steps, Foxconn agreed to hire thousands of additive workers in an effort to reduce overtime work hours, and they also improved housing and safety protocols (Reuters, 2012). Although improvements have been made at Foxconn, Apple must continue to apply pressure on Foxconn to resolve all of their unethical practices. Apple will have to pay close attention to who they use as contractors so that their public image do not suffer.Events in China during the year 2010 embarrassed the electronics maker Apple, Inc. These events forced Apples managers to make managerial decisions more or less ethical practices employed by an outside vendor. The managers at Apple Inc used a number of decision-making models and tools to resolve the ethical issues at Foxconn. In result of these decisions, working conditions, safety protocols, living conditions, and working hours improved.

Human Resources Constructive-Dismissal Report Essay

MessageIt has come to my unfortunate attention that a former employee has made a discrimation-focused efficacious take on against our comp apiece. My goal is to define constructive kindling explain the sanctioned mandates to which it may be attributed discuss the meritsor lackof it and offer future lenitive actions to avoid much(prenominal) claims.Constructive liberationDefinedBefore delving into a serious discussion of the former employees claim, it is important to understand the legal construct upon which it has been founded this construct is referred to as constructive dismissal.Constructive dismiissal refers to an employee compulsion to terminate any work relationships with an employer. The whim for the termination is an employers willful innovation to create a hostile or unbearable working condition. ratifiedly speaking, constructive dismissal is, past, tantamount to involuntarily separating the employee from the high society (United States Department of Labor, 201 2).There are terzetto standards that moldiness be considered when adjudicating whether a situation falls within constructive-dismissal grounds. They are1. Intolerable Conditions2. Objective old-hat3. Employer Knowledge and IntentThe adjective in the first standard is important, because it makes the distinction between undue working conditions that are unbearable for a commonsensible somebody and a address change that may be inconvenient for theemployee but is non intolerable. Trival matters much(prenominal) as changing a computer from a PC to a Mac, are exmempt from this standard, since these frustrations are a normative in all areas of fight.The second standard establishes a consensus on what is considered intolerable. It is defined as a work environment in which a reasonable person would feel compelled to quit.The third standard is also important, because it shitly delegates that the employer must know that changes that it is implementing create an intolerable environment , and it does so with the intent of compelling an employee to quit as opposed to implementing changes that are propel by a substantiated telephone line need (Turner v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc., 1994).Please none that constructive dismissal does not necessarily imply contrariety (though it is most always discrimination base), since it female genitalia apply to both those in a protected class or outside it.The ex-employee charges that the memorial change for the production department was an unreasonable action on the telephoners part and resulted in her being hale to work on a holy day of her ghostly persuasion. Resultantly, she charges that she felt compelled to quit, which is why she has filed a constructive-discharge claim against the company.Constructive-Dismissal and Attendant Legal MandatesMore than just creating such(prenominal) a toxic environment, when the working condition creates an undue effect based on the employees race, ethnicity, gender, national stem, or relig ion. the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act applies and sets forth(1) to fail or refuse to prosecute or to discharge any individual, or other(a)wise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of handicraft, because of such indvidualsrace, color, religion, sex, or national ancestor or(2) to limit, segregate, or classify his employees or appli derrierets for mesh in any way which woulld deprive or tend to deprive any individual of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect his status as an employee, because of such individuals race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2012).An amalgamation of undue effect and discrimination of a protected class engenders disparate impact (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2012) Employment separation due to disparate impact explicitly applies to the pursuance sections of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The on us of proof is placed on the claimant. This person must do the following(i) a complaining party introduces that a answerer uses a busy employment coiffe that causes a disparate impact on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and the respondent fails to demonstrate that the challenged institutionalise is job related for the position in question and consistent with origin fatality or(ii) the complaining party makes the demonstration described in subparagraph (C) with respect to an alternative employment employ and the respondent refuses to adopt such alternative employment practice.(B) (i) With respect to demonstrating that a particular employment practice causes a disparate impact as described in subparagraph (A)(i), the complaining party shall demonstrate that each particular challenged employment practice causes a disparate impact, except that if the complaining party can demonstrate to the act that the elements of a respondents decisionmaking proces s are not capable of separation for analysis, the decisionmaking process may be analyzed as one employment practice.(ii) If the respondent demonstrates that a specific employment practice does not cause the disparate impact, the respondent shall not be required to demonstrate that such practice is required by employment necessity.(C) The demonstration referred to by subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be in accordance with the honor as it existed on June 4, 1989, with respect to the concept of alternative employment practice.(2) A demonstration that an employment practice is required by business necessity may not be used as a defense against a claim of intentional discrimination under this subchapter.(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, a rule barring the employment of an individual who currently and knowingly uses or possesses a controlled substance, as defined in schedules I and II of section 102(6) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(6)), other than t he use or possession of a drug taken under the supervision of a licensed health wangle professional, or any other use or possession authorized by the Controlled Substances Act 21 U.S.C. 801 et seq. or any other provision of Federal law, shall be considered an unlawful employment practice under this subchapter tho if such rule is adopted or applied with an intent to discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2012).Although constructive dismissal is not directly referred to in the Civil Rights Act, it is clearly implied, since such a dismissal normally is directed at protected classes of individuals. When combined with disparate impact, constructive dismissal will fall under the purview of the Civil Right Act, and both are legally actional behaviors that the federal official government will pursue through legal action and fines.It should be noted that the level of unavoidable integrity of constructive-dismissal c laims can vary from state to state. For example, uppercase extends a protected-class status to gays, lesbians, bisexual, transgender, or intersexed people, whereas Arizona extends no special class status to them. A constructive-dismissal claim due to sexual orientation in Washington would be considered in Arizona, such a claim would not be considered. Furthermore, such a claim would face significant challenges ifappealed to federal levels, since federal laws offer no protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation (Human Rights Campaign, 2012).In addition to constructive dismissal, the ex-employee charges that the schedule change infringed on her right to practice her religion, since she believed that she was required to work on a holy day. The Title VII Act explicitly prohibits discrimation based on religious affiliation.Constructive-Dismissal MeritsThe ex-employees claim does not satisfy constructive-dismissal, disparate-impact, and discrimination prohibitions. The facts of this case clearly indicate this.Let us apply this individuals claim to the standards required for each prohibition. First, for constructive dismissal, our company must create a hostile environment for the sole purpose of compelling the employee to quit.The ex-employee believes that the schedule adjustment, which required 12-hour years for four days a week and with common chord days off, created a hostile environment. This particular aspect of this individuals claim fails this test for a few reasons 1) Business growth motivated the schedule adjustment, not malice 2.) the schedule adjustment applied to the most stirred department, which is production, since it is tasked with keeping up with the increased demand for our products and 3.) we stick outd employees of that department schedule options we did not constrain them to work on specific days that happened to be days of observance for their religion. Considering the schedule flexibility offered, if the ex-employee worke d on a holy day, it was out of choice, not compulsion on the part of our company.Another implication in the above argument is that a distinguishable department did not form its schedule adjusted. As indicated above, we adjusted the schedule for the department that is directly affected by the business growththe production department. There is no impetus for us to adjust schedules for the human-resources department, for example.Second, for mark standards, judicial systems have repeatedly ruled that constructive dismissal is applicable if we create an environment that is so heinous, a reasonable person would quit. I have just indicated that our schedule adjustment was motivated by business need, not malice toward a particular individual or religion. All of the other employees took advantage of the schedule opportunity offered and chose days to work that were appropriate for their needs. There have been no other complaints of being forced to work or being unable to work on a non-hol y day. Based on the scenario, it would not be reasonable to quit ones job.Third, for employer knowledge and intent, it is true that we knew that the increase in business might have caused an impact on certain employees lives. We proactively remedied this situation by offering such a flexible schedule, with employees making their own choice of what days they would and would not work. Employees have nearly half their week off. There is no reason for an individual to work on a holy day. Also, our only intent was to meet our clients needs, so we adjusted our business processes to effectively do so.The underlying concern is that our actions were motivated by this individuals religion. There is no tenable evidence to support such a concern. We hire a range of people with different religious beliefs. Some are unwilling to work on Sundays. Others are unwilling to work on Saturdays. Some require prayer at various points during the day. Where reasonable, we have always provided accommodations for such observances, and we did so with our schedule adjustment. There was no targeting of any religion. There is no truth to the ex-employees claims.The company must respond to these charges. It can do so in one of three ways1. The company can ignore the facts of this scenario and accept that the ex-employees claims have merit and can then move to placate the ex-employee in a few ways a. Rehiring the ex-employee and paying her retroactive pay for the succession she did not work, b. Not rehiring the ex-employee butoffering a settlement to avoid a protracted legal scenario, or c. Rehiring the ex-employee and accommodating her schedule requests (Palopoli, 2011).2. The company can enter into arbitration with the ex-employee to discuss the facts of the scenario, with the intention of arriving at an equitable solution that will placate the concerns of the ex-employee and the company (EEOC, 2012).3. The company can refute the charges in a court of law, especially after the findings o f an fact-finding company effort denote no actual discrimination or the appearance of it (Cruz, Padilla, & Narvae Law Firm, 2011).There are caveats to each of these replys, however. For Response 1, this action is a clear company admission of its culpability in discrimination within its organization. It is an unbalanced response, since it placates the ex-employee but tarnishes the name of the company. Furthermore, acquiescing to the ex-employees claims by adjusting the schedule may very well set an inappropriate expectation for other employees. An inflow of schedule requests based on employees who invoke their religious preferences would thwart the purpose of the schedule request, which is to meet customer demand.For Response 2, the results of an arbitration hearing are legally binding and normally are a mitigative step against taking up the matter in a court of law. There is a likelihood, no matter how remote, that arbitration will result in our companys acquiescing to the ex-emp loyees claims. This blushtuality can result in financal loss due to paying exorbitant sums to the ex-employee for what would amount to silencing her criticism of our company. Or if the results of the arbitration fall in line with the companys wishes, the negative image that the ex-employee may generate would disparage recruiting efforts of candidates or customers who increasingly place value on companies that demonstrate social responsbility toward people and its surroundings.For Response 3, the impression in a legal case can be binding. There may be a remote possibility that our company may not vindicate itself fully in court. Because of the facts of the case, it would be reasonable to expect that our company would appeal. However, the cost to contend with the ex-employee in court may be prohibitively high. And even if our company emerges victoriously, the result would not constrain the ex-empoyee from tarnishing our companys name in the marketplace.Based on the eventualities li sted above, the viable course of action is Response 3. The actions of our company are sufficiently supported to provide a solid response in a legal setting. The likelihood of not prevailing in court is minimal. And although the opportunity cost to following this route is devoting funds unnecessarily to a baseless claim, vindication in court may very indicate to others who choose to bring dubious claims that our company will respond indignantly to these affronts to our companys reputation.Responding to the baseless claim by prosecute the matter in court is a tenable position, since our anti-discrimination policy is clear. (In allusion to a subsequent section, the clarity of the policy does not imply that it has been adequately explained to prosepctive and current employees a training program offered to our recruiting staff will resolve that matter.) Our greatest defense is in presenting this policy as evidence to the court. The policy clearly indicates that the company respects relig ion as a protected class and makes every effort to accommodate religious rites as long as they do not present an undue contravention of company operation (HR Info Center, 2009).A court-centered legal response to this claim is preferable also because of the investigative process that is extant within our anti-discrimination policy. The ex-employee did not provide our company an opportunity to investigate the claim before she resigned her position. The only indication that a problem existed was when the EEOC delivered the complaint to our company. Our investigative processes clearly demonstrate the thoroughnessand seriousness that our policy devotes to discrimination complaints. Multiple layers of leadership are involved in the process, and many employees are interviewed to determine if they divided up the same sentiments.The investigative process is also confidential, and the results are shared with no entity without a need-to-know basis. Furthermore, the investigative process has co rrective action built in if there is a determination of discrimination against the employee making the complaint. It also has a built-in anti-retaliation policy, regardless the result of the complaint. Our company can provide documented evidence of our response to past complaints as well as the companys disposition toward employees after the resolution of these complaints. Demonstrating the companys follow-through efforts that the ex-employee did not avail herself of will provide substantial support of our contention that we are committed to operating in a discrimination-free environment (Kleiner Perkins Files Legal Response To Gender Discrimination Suit, Denies Each And Every Material Allegation, 2012).Another reason why pursuing this matter in a court of law is appropriate is that our company can demonstrate our shipment to investing in the community in which we operate, a diverse community. Our company currently provides several millions of dollars in tax revenue to the communit y, revenue from which all members of the community benefit. But more than tax revenue, our company provides fiscal support to various groups in the community religious-based groups, gay-and-lesbian groups, black-focused groups, and women-centered groups. Our commitment to financially supporting the community is a steady response by itself to the baseless claima against us. Logically speaking, it would be nonsensical for our company to expend money for these community-focused endeavors plot of ground practicing discrimination against the very members of the groups that benefit from our financial support (Response to discrimination claims, 2007).

God and Philosophy Essay

Many philosophers will say that God plays an classic role in a persons mental being. Others will argue that he doesnt and that we decide by our possess mentality. The three hypothesiseers that will be discussed in this paper made a large impact in the philosophical institution with their theories and reasons. Descartes, Kant, and Hume argon all important players in the world of philosophy, but according to other philosophers, so is God. Rene Descartes, a noned French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, coined the Latin phrase Cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I am).He ref apply to accept the scholastic and Aristotelian traditions that had dominated philosophical model throughout the medieval period (www. iep. utm. edu). He frequently contrasted his views with those of his predecessors. In his theology, he insists on the absolute freedom of Gods act of creation. In 1641, he wrote Mediations on First Philosophy, which he employed a method called methodological skepticis m where he doubts any desire that nominate be doubted.God, in Descartes metaphysics, is the tide over from the subjective world of thought to the objective world of scientific truth. The mind, owing its earthly concern to God, is innately programmed with certain(prenominal) ideas that correspond to reality hence the importance, in Descartes system, of proving the existence of God, the perfect guarantor of our ideas, so that the mediator can move from isolated flashes of cognition to systematic knowledge of the nature of reality (Cottingham, 31).In Meditations, he mentions the idea of a benevolent God. Because God is benevolent, he can have some faith in the deem of reality his senses provide with a working mind and sensory system and does not desire to shop him however, this is a continuous argument, as his very notion of a benevolent God from which he positive this argument is easily subject to the same kind of doubt as his perceptions (www. wikipedia. com).Descartes sought to retain the precept in the existence of innate ideas together with an acceptance of the values of data and ideas derived from an experience. Next up is Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher that held that there is an objective moral law. Most philosophers view morality very differently. Some think there is an objective moral law, but that it depends on Gods will. Others thought morality was to do with reason, but that the reasoning was all about how to promote some objective, like ones own happiness of welfare of society (Walker, 5).Kant rejected these ideas, because morality is depending on something outside itself- Gods will. Kant inquired whether it could be possible to ground synthetic ? a priori knowledge for a study of metaphysics, because most of the principles of metaphysics from Plato through Kants immediate predecessors made assertions about the world or about God or about the soul. Kants works of 1755 reveal more of his originality and his enduring themes.Universal Natu ral History, deriving the present state of the planets from postulated initial conditions by reiterated applications of the laws of Newtonian mechanics, manifests not only Kants commitment to those laws, for which he was subsequently to seek philosophical foundations, but to a fault his commitment to thoroughly naturalistic explanations in science, in which God can be the initial source of natural laws but never intervenes within the sequence of physical causes. Kant still holds that the existence of God can be proved as a condition of the possibility of any reality.Finally, Kant tho develops his argument that scientific explanation cannot allow divine intervention in the sequence of notwithstandingts, and that God must be seen only as the original ground of the laws of nature. The existence of God is therefore to Kant a demand assumption for what he sees to be an objectively valid morality. Lastly, David Hume, British philosopher, is considered one of the most influential appa ritional philosophers. Hume questioned the process of inductive thinking, which had been the hallmark of science.He criticized the standard proofs for Gods existence, traditional notions of Gods nature and divine governance, the connection between morality and religion, and the rationality of belief in miracles. He also advanced theories on the origin of popular religious beliefs, grounding such notions in human psychological science rather than in rational argument or divine revelation. For Hume, all objects of human reason are divided into two kinds Relations of Ideas and Matters of fact. All reasoning of matters of fact is founded on Cause and exit.Cause and Effect play a big role in Humes philosophy. Hume wrote The Natural History of Religion in 1757. Its main theme is the causes and consequences of the religious development of mankind from polytheism to monotheism. Belief in a god or gods is not natural like belief in an external world, since there are races in which it is not to be found (Quinton, 52). Contrary to many critiques Hume does believe that there is a God, however he does not believe that God is all greatness like society commonly assumes and accepts.Hume argues that because one sees an effect that doesnt mean that we can automatically know or assume its cause. This argument can be used to explain the creation of the world. As influential as Hume was, he remains an academic skeptic, making the middling judgments of an ordinary life, regardless of lack of academic knowledge. God played an important role in all philosophers thinking. They either essay to provide proof that he does or does not exist, or tried to decipher why so many people followed a man whom they have never even met.Nevertheless, God played an important role in Kants, Descartes, and Humes philosophical thinking. Works Cited Burnham, Douglas and James Fieser. Rene Descartes (1596-1650). The meshing Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. http//www. iep. utm. edu/d/descarte. htm. Cottingham, John. Descartes. New York, Rutledge 1999. Quinton, Anthony. Hume. New York, Rutledge 1999. Rene Descartes. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Descartes. Walker, Ralph. Kant. New York, Rutledge 1999.